Characteristics of cobalt-based alloy coating on tool steel prepared by powder feeding laser cladding

Co-based alloy coating was deposited on tool steel by powder feeding laser cladding. Sections of such coatings were examined to reveal their microstructures and phases using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The results showed that the prime phase (γ-Co dendrite) and other phases, including Cr₂₃C₆, Co₇W₆, and CrNi existed in the coatings. Some different solidification morphologies, such as planar (at the interface), cellular and dendrite formed, varying from the interface to the surface. Fine microstructures of γ-Co dendrite and lamellar eutectic in dendritical regions strengthened the coatings. Besides, the effects of aged treatment on the microstructure and microhardness of the surface coating were studied. Aged treatment led to the precipitations of some carbide particles (Cr₇C₃ and Co₃C) and boride particles (Co₄B) from the cladded coating, causing an increase in microhardness in the laser-cladded coating.     

基于石英增强光声光谱的HCl痕量气体高灵敏度探测研究

HCl是一种有毒有害气体,对其高灵敏度探测具有非常重要的意义,然而到目前为止,采用激光光谱的手段对其探测的研究报道很少。石英增强光声光谱(QEPAS)是近年来发展起来的一种痕量气体探测技术,具有系统体积小、价格低廉、探测灵敏度高等优点。以5 000 ppm HCl∶N₂混合气作为待测目标,采用输出波长为1 742.38 nm的分布反馈连续波单纵模半导体激光器,开展对基于QEPAS技术的HCl高灵敏度探测研究。为了提高信噪比和简化数据处理过程,QEPAS传感器系统采用波长调制和2次谐波探测技术。研究中,首先对声波探测系统中微共振腔强声波增强特性进行了讨论,选择了“共轴”形式的声波微共振腔,并对其尺寸进行了优化,选择的微共振管长度为4 mm、内径为0.5 mm。实验中研究了激光波长调制深度对QEPAS系统产生的信号幅度的影响,当QEPAS系统积分时间为1 s、激光波长调制深度为0.23 cm-1时,获得了815 ppb的优异检测极限,归一化噪声等效吸收系数为7.41×10-9 cm-1·W·Hz-1/2。在后续的实验中,可在待测HCl气体中加入水汽分子,提高HCl分子的热弛豫速率,进一步提高HCl-QEPAS传感器系统的信号强度。     

基于多模-细芯-多模光纤结构的Mach-Zehnder干涉仪的温度传感实验研究

介绍了一种基于纤芯失配的光纤Mach-Zehnder干涉(MZI)液体温度传感器。并对所制作的传感器进行了环境溶液温度响应特性实验研究,实验结果表明干涉谱峰值波长漂移量与溶液温度变化量之间存在良好的线性关系,当环境溶液温度变化范围在26~90℃时,传感器相应灵敏度为42.6pm/℃,线性度为0.994,且该传感器能够很好的消弱环境液体折射率变化对干涉谱峰值波长的影响,溶液折射率在1.345~1.403变化范围时,灵敏度仅为0.247 nm/RIU。     

Integrating neighborhoods in the evaluation of fitness promotes cooperation in the spatial prisoner’s dilemma game

A fundamental question of human society is the evolution of cooperation. Many previous studies explored this question via setting spatial background, where players obtain their payoffs by playing game with their nearest neighbors. Another undoubted fact is that the environment plays an important role in the individual development. Inspired by these phenomena, we reconsider the definition of individual fitness which integrates the environment, denoted by the average payoff of all individual neighbors, with the traditional individual payoffs by introducing a selection parameter u. Tuning u equal to zero returns the traditional version, while increasing u bears the influence of environment. We find that considering the environment, i.e., integrating neighborhoods in the evaluation of fitness, promotes cooperation. If we enhance the value of u, the invasion of defection could be resisted better. We also provide quantitative explanations and complete phase diagrams presenting the influence of the environment on the evolution of cooperation. Finally, the universality of this mechanism is testified for different neighborhood sizes, different topology structures and different game models. Our work may shed light on the emergence and persistence of cooperation in our life.     

蒙特卡罗模拟光通过大气后的时间分布

采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟了光通过光学特性参数不同的大气后透射光时间分布.分析了大气的散射系数、吸收系数、不对称因子及折射率对透射光时间分布的影响.结果表明:透射光时间分布曲线存在两个峰,分别对应子弹光与漫射光.各光学参数界定了子弹光、蛇形光、漫射光的大小和时间范围,并从统计模拟的角度解释了折射率大的大气中难以成像的因为.     

Coherent Scattering of Light by Bose-Einstein Condensation in a Tight Confinement

We have observed strong scattering of a probe light by dilute Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） ^87Rb gas in a tight magnetic trap. The scattering light forms fringes at the image plane. It is found that we can infer the real size of the condensation and the number of the atoms by modelling the imaging system. We present a quantitative calculation of light scattering by the condensed atoms. The calculation shows that the experimental results agree well with the prediction of the generalized diffraction theory, and thus we can directly observe the phase transition of BEC in a tight trap.     

CsI(Tl)晶体探测器APD读出的温度效应

对中国科学院近代物理研究所自行生长的铊激活碘化铯闪烁晶体CsI(Tl)光输出及Hamamtsu公司生产的S8664-1010型雪崩光二极管(APD)增益对温度的依赖关系做了系统研究. 结果表明, CsI(Tl)晶体光产额在室温范围内随着温度的增加而增加, 在－2℃—8℃温度范围内的平均温度系数为0.67%/℃, 在8℃—25℃温度范围内的平均温度系数为0.33%/℃. 而对所使用的APD, 其增益在室温范围内的温度系数为－3.68%℃(工作电压400V). APD结合CsI(Tl)晶体在室温下对¹³⁷Cs的662keV γ射线的能量分辨可达5.1%.     

Multiplesite structure and photoluminescence properties of Eu3+ doped MgO nanocrystals

MgO:Eu³⁺ nanocrystals with average diameter around 15 nm were prepared via a facile combustion method under a weak reductive atmosphere at temperature as low as 300°C. The photoluminescence spectra showed that the MgO:Eu³⁺ nanocrystals emit white light, the hypersensitive transition (⁵ D ₀→⁷ F _j of Eu³⁺) emission was prominent in the emission spectra resulting from the noinversion symmetry local site at which Eu³⁺ ions were located. Two kinds of luminescence sites of Eu³⁺ are identified by means of the fluorescence decay and site-selective spectroscopy. The excitation and absorption spectra indicated that the absorption of surface state decreased with the increase of Eu³⁺ concentration, meaning that the surface defect decreased through Eu³⁺ doping for some of them located at the disordered sites near the surface or absorbed at the surface of MgO host. Meanwhile, absorptivity and CIE chromaticity coordinates of all samples were measured; the results were in accordance with the excitation and absorption spectra and photoluminescence spectra, respectively.     

ZnO/p-Si异质结的深能级及其对发光的影响

利用深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)和光致发光谱(PL),研究了ZnO/pSi异质结的两种不同温度(850℃,1000℃)退火下的深能级中心。发现850℃退火的样品存在3个明显的深中心,分别为E₁=E_v+0.21eV,E₂=E_v+0.44eV,E₃=E_v+071eV;而1000℃退火样品仅存在一个E₁=E_v+021eV的中心,且其隙态密度要比850℃退火的大。同时,测量了两个样品的PL谱。发现1000℃退火可消除一些影响发光强度的深能级,对改善晶格结构,提高样品的发光强度有利。     

高能π–p碰撞J/ψ+γ硬衍射产生

用I–S模型与夸克偶素的色八重态产生机制,对πp碰撞J/ψ+γ协同产生的单衍射过程的微分截面及总截面进行计算,结果表明,把J/ψ+γ协同产生的单衍射过程和单举过程相结合,可以探测Pomeron中的胶子成分并对硬衍射因子化进行检验.