全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15447篇 |
免费 | 2759篇 |
国内免费 | 2203篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11290篇 |
晶体学 | 172篇 |
力学 | 886篇 |
综合类 | 150篇 |
数学 | 1933篇 |
物理学 | 5978篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 315篇 |
2022年 | 563篇 |
2021年 | 597篇 |
2020年 | 641篇 |
2019年 | 720篇 |
2018年 | 557篇 |
2017年 | 530篇 |
2016年 | 771篇 |
2015年 | 813篇 |
2014年 | 974篇 |
2013年 | 1176篇 |
2012年 | 1406篇 |
2011年 | 1409篇 |
2010年 | 998篇 |
2009年 | 1016篇 |
2008年 | 1044篇 |
2007年 | 884篇 |
2006年 | 819篇 |
2005年 | 672篇 |
2004年 | 562篇 |
2003年 | 449篇 |
2002年 | 516篇 |
2001年 | 390篇 |
2000年 | 321篇 |
1999年 | 336篇 |
1998年 | 263篇 |
1997年 | 230篇 |
1996年 | 209篇 |
1995年 | 179篇 |
1994年 | 150篇 |
1993年 | 158篇 |
1992年 | 107篇 |
1991年 | 101篇 |
1990年 | 84篇 |
1989年 | 82篇 |
1988年 | 71篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 39篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 29篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 24篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
892.
Research on Chemical Intermediates - A new method has been developed for the synthesis of a cage-like sulfuryl-bridged triazinane molecule HEXS by acidic condensation of a glycoluril analog with... 相似文献
893.
铋基钙钛矿由于稳定性强及毒性低,被认为是未来极具发展潜力的环保型钙钛矿材料。(CH3NH3)3Bi2I9(MBI)因具有优异的光吸收性能而引起人们的普遍关注。本文介绍了MBI钙钛矿晶体的结构及性能,总结了其薄膜的制备方法,并重点叙述了不同方法制备的MBI钙钛矿薄膜在光伏电池中的应用情况。MBI钙钛矿与铅基钙钛矿的效率相比还有很大差距,如何提高其光电转换效率仍是今后研究的主要方向。 相似文献
894.
纳米片与空心球上之间的合理界面调控是开发高效太阳能制氢光催化剂的潜在策略。在各类光催化材料中,金属硫化物由于具有相对较窄的带隙和优越的可见光响应能力而被广泛研究。ZnIn2S4是一种层状的三元过渡金属半导体光催化剂,其带隙可控(约2.4 eV)。在众多金属硫化物光催化剂中,ZnIn2S4引起了广泛兴趣。然而,单纯的ZnIn2S4光催化活性仍然相对较差,主要是因为光生载流子的复合率较高、迁移速率较慢。在半导体光催化剂上负载助催化剂是提升光催化剂性能的一种有效方法,因为它不仅可以加速光生电子和空穴的分离,而且还可以降低质子还原反应的活化能。作为一种三元过渡金属硫化物,NiCo2S4表现出较高的导电性、较低的电负性、丰富的氧化还原特性以及优越的电催化活性。这些特性表明,NiCo2S4可以作为光催化制氢的助催化剂,以加速电荷分离和转移。此外,NiCo2S4和ZnIn2S4都属于三元尖晶石的晶体结构,这可能有助于构建具有紧密界面接触的NiCo2S4/ZnIn2S4复合物,从而提高光催化性能。本文中,将超薄ZnIn2S4纳米片原位生长到非贵金属助催化剂NiCo2S4空心球上,形成具有强耦合界面和可见光吸收的NiCo2S4@ZnIn2S4分级空心异质结构光催化剂。最优NiCo2S4@ZnIn2S4复合样品(NiCo2S4含量:ca. 3.1%)的析氢速率高达78 μmol·h-1,约是纳米片组装ZnIn2S4光催化剂析氢速率的9倍、约是1% (w, 质量分数)Pt/ZnIn2S4样品析氢速率的3倍。此外,该复合光催化剂在反应中表现出良好的稳定性。荧光和电化学测试结果表明,NiCo2S4空心球是一种有效的助催化剂,可促进光生载流子的分离和传输,并降低析氢反应的活化能。最后,提出了NiCo2S4@ZnIn2S4光催化析氢的可能反应机理。在NiCo2S4@ZnIn2S4复合光催化剂中,具有高导电性的NiCo2S4助催化剂可快速接受ZnIn2S4上的光生电子,用以还原质子生成氢气,而电子牺牲剂TEOA捕获光生空穴,进而完成光催化氧化还原循环。该研究有望为基于纳米片为次级结构的分级空心异质结光催化剂的设计合成及其光催化制氢研究提供一定的指导。 相似文献
895.
An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 12 additives in beverages was developed using evaporation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets EVA-DLLME-SFOcombined with high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. The samples were extracted twice with 70%V/Vmethanol aqueous solution and extracted by EVA-DLLME-SFO method after the combination of the extractsand finally determined by HPLC. Extraction parameterssuch as types and amounts of extractantevaporant and heating agentthe concentration of saltand the extraction time were optimized. Under the optimized conditionsthere were good relationships in the ange of 0.25-50 μµg/mL with the limits of detection of 1.5 to 13.6 mg/kg and limits of quantification of 5.2 to 45.3 mg/kg. The recoveries at three spiked levels1025 and 50 mg/kgwere 76.8% to 101.2% with the relative standard deviations of 0.11% to 4.7%. The method can be used for rapid detection of 12 additives in beverages. © 2022, Youke Publishing Co.,Ltd. All rights reserved. 相似文献
896.
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have broad applications in a wide variety of a fields pertaining to energy storage devices. In line with the increasing demand in emerging areas such as long-range electric vehicles and smart grids, there is a continuous effort to achieve high energy by maximizing the reversible capacity of electrode materials, particularly cathode materials. However, in recent years, with the continuous enhancement of battery energy density, safety issues have increasingly attracted the attention of researchers, becoming a non-negligible factor in determining whether the electric vehicle industry has a foothold. The key issue in the development of battery systems with high specific energies is the intrinsic instability of the cathode, with the accompanying question of safety. The failure mechanism and stability of high-specific-capacity cathode materials for the next generation of LIBs, including nickel-rich cathodes, high-voltage spinel cathodes, and lithium-rich layered cathodes, have attracted extensive research attention. Systematic studies related to the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of different cathodes are crucial to elucidate the instability mechanisms of positive active materials. Factors that these studies must address include the stability under extended electrochemical cycles with respect to dissolution of metal ions in LiPF6-based electrolytes due to HF corrosion of the electrode; cation mixing due to the similarity in radius between Li+ and Ni2+; oxygen evolution when the cathode is charged to a high voltage; the origin of cracks generated during repeated charge/discharge processes arising from the anisotropy of the cell parameters; and electrolyte decomposition when traces of water are present. Regulating the surface nanostructure and bulk crystal lattice of electrode materials is an effective way to meet the demand for cathode materials with high energy density and outstanding stability. Surface modification treatment of positive active materials can slow side reactions and the loss of active material, thereby extending the life of the cathode material and improving the safety of the battery. This review is targeted at the failure mechanisms related to the electrochemical cycle, and a synthetic strategy to ameliorate the properties of cathode surface locations, with the electrochemical performance optimized by accurate surface control. From the perspective of the main stability and safety issues of high-energy cathode materials during the electrochemical cycle, a detailed discussion is presented on the current understanding of the mechanism of performance failure. It is crucial to seek out favorable strategies in response to the failures. Considering the surface structure of the cathode in relation to the stability issue, a newly developed protocol, known as surface-localized doping, which can exist in different states to modify the surface properties of high-energy cathodes, is discussed as a means of ensuring significantly improved stability and safety. Finally, we envision the future challenges and possible research directions related to the stability control of next-generation high-energy cathode materials. 相似文献
897.
课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。 相似文献
898.
899.
Yuan Yongning Yuan Nini Guo Tuo Bai Hongcun Xia Hongqiang Ren Yanjiao Guo Qingjie 《Structural chemistry》2022,33(3):721-731
Structural Chemistry - A detailed theoretical analysis of the mechanism of chemical bond activation in cyclohexane catalysed by the atomic transition-metal cation Ni+ was performed by density... 相似文献
900.
Dr. Lanjie Lei Prof. Chao Zhao Dr. Xiaofei Zhu Mr. Shuai Yuan Dr. Xing Dong Dr. Yinxiu Zuo Prof. Hong Liu 《Electroanalysis》2022,34(2):415-422
We report on a nonenzymatic electrochemical sensor for wearable glucose monitoring in interstitial fluid. The sensor exhibited acceptable selectivity and reliability for continuous glucose detection for up to 30 days. The sensor tip is coated with polyurethane, and the biocompatibility of the tip is investigated by tissue staining. A fully integrated wearable glucose monitoring system is developed with a wireless connection with a smartphone. The test results are in agreement with reference methods. So, we believe the sensor is promising for the development of a continuous glucose monitoring system and diabetes management. 相似文献