Magnetron sputtering deposition of silicon nitride on polyimide separator for high-temperature lithium-ion batteries

To date,lithium-ion batteries are becoming increasingly significant in the application of portable devices and electrical vehicles,and revolutionary progress in theoretical research and industrial application has been achieved.However,the commercial polyolefin separators with unsatisfying electrolytes affinity and poor thermal stability have extremely restricted the further application of lithium-ion batteries,especially in the high-temperature fields.In this work,magnetron sputtering deposition technique is employed to modify the commercial polyimide separator by coating silicon nitride on both sides.Magnetron sputtering deposition modified polyimide(MSD-PI)composite separator shows high thermal stability and ionic conductivity.More importantly,compared with the cells using Celgard separator,the cells with MSD-PI separator exhibit superior electrochemical performance,especially long-term cycle performance under high temperature environment,owing to the high thermal conductivity of surface Si3 N4 particles.Hence,lithium-ion batteries with MSD-PI separator are capable of improving thermal safety and capacity retention,which demonstrates that magnetron sputtering deposition technique could be regarded as a promising strategy to develop advanced organic/inorganic composite separators for high-temperature lithium-ion batteries.     

紫外光激发下氧化锌纳米线的发光特性研究

室温条件下,用355 nm的激光激发氧化锌纳米线,测量了其发光光谱.观察到半宽度较小、峰值波长约382 nm的紫光峰和半宽度较宽、峰值波长约507 nm的绿光峰;两峰的发光强度随激发光功率密度的变化而变化,且均存在饱和效应,但各自的变化规律及饱和值的大小不同;紫光峰的中心波长随激发光功率密度的增加而发生了明显的红移.对两峰产生的机理、强度饱和值存在的原由、强度随激发光功率密度变化及紫光峰红移的起因进行了分析.     

环形光纤声发射传感器的相位调制特性研究

提出了一种基于光纤Sagnac干涉仪的环形传感器,用于固体表面传播的超声波的检测.这种传感器的特点是能够精确地检测由固体表面传播的超声波产生的微弱振动.当超声波信号通过光纤传感器的两个臂到达探测器时,干涉仪的输出光强度受到了超声信号的调制.通过检测干涉仪的输出光强度并利用Fourier变换,测得了超声信号的振幅和频率.而且对传感系统的位相调制特性进行了仿真,并对实验结果进行了分析,结果表明该系统可用于固体表面传播的超声波频率特征的识别.     

Single-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biochar from H3PO4-Activated Lettuce Waste for Efficient Adsorption of Cd(II) in Aqueous Solution

Developing an ideal and cheap adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metals from aqueous solution has been urgently need. In this study, a novel, effective and low-cost method was developed to prepare the biochar from lettuce waste with H₃PO₄ as an acidic activation agent at a low-temperature (circa 200 °C) hydrothermal carbonization process. A batch adsorption experiment demonstrated that the biochar reaches the adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and the optimal adsorption capacity of Cd(II) is 195.8 mg∙g⁻¹ at solution pH 6.0, which is significantly improved from circa 20.5 mg∙g⁻¹ of the original biochar without activator. The fitting results of the prepared biochar adsorption data conform to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (PSO) and the Sips isotherm model, and the Cd(II) adsorption is a spontaneous and exothermic process. The hypothetical adsorption mechanism is mainly composed of ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, and surface complexation. This work offers a novel and low-temperature strategy to produce cheap and promising carbon-based adsorbents from organic vegetation wastes for removing heavy metals in aquatic environment efficiently.     

Unraveling the condensation reactions of heterometallic {BiNb_4} moieties into hybrid Bi_xNb_y-oxo clusters with mass spectrometry

The most effective methodologies for the construction of polynuclear complexes usually take advantage of preorganized building blocks.Herein,we successfully developed a new versatile heterometallic{BiNb₄}moiety,which can be applied for the assembly of less explored organic-inorganic hybrid polyoxoniobates.Through controlled condensation reactions,three{BiNb₄}moieties can be assembled into a pair of isomeric Bi₃Nb₁₈clusters at different temperatures;whilst four{BiNb₄}moieties can be combined into two unique Bi₄Nb₁₆and Bi₄Nb₁₈tetramers in different solvents.Interestingly,we have used mass spectrometry to probe the above condensation reactions,which clearly confirmed a stepwise bottom-up assembly process by capturing the presence of bismuth subsalicylate precursors,salicylate coordinated intermediates,Nb incorporated{BiNb₄}moieties and the final Bi_xNb_y-oxo clusters,respectively.Moreover,the packing modes of the{BiNb₄}units induce different solution behaviors,and the{BiNb₄}units in Bi4Nb16can be recombined by post-synthetic recrystallization in acetonitrile to produce a new tetramer Bi₄Nb₁₈-R.Therefore,this work provides not only a useful{BiNb₄}building unit but also the mechanism for their condensation,both of which will promote the future development of metal-oxo clusters.     

模板法组装纳米有序阵列的研究进展

由金属、半导体、碳纳米管、聚苯胺等组成的纳米有序阵列体系,在能量存储或转换、传感等方面具有广阔的应用前景。模板法组装纳米有序阵列体系是以具有特定微孔结构的材料为模板,通过电化学沉积、溶胶-凝胶沉积和化学气相沉积等手段,让纳米单元在模板提供的受控环境中原位生成,形成纳米有序阵列体系。模板法具有可控性好、工艺简便、能耗低等优点。本文综述了模板法组装纳米有序阵列体系的研究进展,并对纳米有序阵列体系的应用前景作了展望。     

采用新型引发剂乳液聚合法合成高相对分子质量聚乙烯醇

采用新型引发剂偶氮二异(N-胺乙基)丁脒(ABEA)对醋酸乙烯酯的低温乳液聚合进行了研究。通过正交试验得出了高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯的最佳工艺配方。讨论了引发剂浓度、反应温度和乳化剂浓度对聚合物相对分子质量和转化率的影响。对高相对分子质量聚醋酸乙烯酯醇解工艺进行了探讨,并获得了聚合度为3500~4000的聚乙烯醇。     

MgSiO3状态方程的分子动力学模拟

The equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite under high pressure and high temperature is simulated using the molecular dynamics method. It was found that the molecular dynamics simulation is very successful in accurately reproducing the measured molar volumes of MgSiO3 perovskite over a wide range of temperatures and pressures. The simulated equation of state of MgSiO3 perovskite matched experimental data at up to 140GPa at 300 K, as well as the fitting data of others and results from the first-principles simulation based on the local density approximation. The simulated equations of state of MgSiO3 perovskite at higher temperatures and higher pressures also correspond to the other calculations. In addition, the volume compression data of MgSiO3 perovskite is simulated up to 120 GPa at 300, 900, 2000 and 3000 K, respectively.     

MoO2微米空心球的水热合成及合成机理研究

Micrometer-sized MoO2 hollow spheres were synthesized hydrothermally with ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate as molybdenum source, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as structure-directing agent and C2H5OH as reducing agent, respectively. The products were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermo- gravimetry and differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A morphology transition of "blocks-solid spheres-hollow spheres" during the growth process was observed and the possible mechanism for the formation of MoO2 samples was proposed to be through a microscale Kirkendall effect.