Identification and determination of the major constituents in Kai‐Xin‐San by UPLC‐Q/TOF MS and UFLC‐MS/MS method

In order to have overall chemical material information of Kai‐Xin‐San (KXS), the reliable ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS) and ultra‐fast liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (UFLC‐MS/MS) methods were developed for the identification and determination of the major constituents in KXS. Moreover, the UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS method was also applied to screen for multiple absorbed components in rat plasma after oral administration of KXS. The UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS method was achieved on Agilent 6520 Q‐TOF mass and operated in the negative ion mode. Good separation was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 ml/min. A total of 92 compounds in KXS were identified or tentatively characterized based on their exact molecular weights, fragmentation patterns, and literature data. A total of 26 compounds including 23 prototype components and three metabolites were identified in rat plasma after oral administration of KXS. Then, 16 major bioactive constituents were chosen as the benchmark substances to evaluate the quality of KXS. Their quantitative analyses were performed by a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) operating in multiple‐reaction monitoring mode(MRM). The analysis was completed with a gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 ml/min within 35 min. The simple and fast method was validated and showed good linearity, precision, and recovery. Furthermore, the method was successful applied for the determination of 16 compounds in KXS. All results would provide essential data for identification and quality control of active chemical constituents in KXS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于多Agent的飞机电子仪表系统仿真模型

电子仪表系统（EIS）在飞机飞行和维护过程中对飞机性能参数的显示具有至关重要的作用。针对电子仪表系统（EIS）功能仿真提出一种基于多Agent的电子仪表系统建模方案,从整体角度对系统功能进行了描述和分类,在功能分类的基础上建立了层次化系统结构模型,利用混合型Agent对系统功能对象的结构进行了设计并建立了系统功能行为模型。最后以发动机N1转速超限为例对上ECAM显示功能进行验证,证明该方法在飞机电子仪表系统仿真建模的实用性和可靠性。     

Synthesis and Characterization of a Fluorinated Phenolic Resin/phenolic Resin Blend

Fluorine atoms were introduced into the molecular chain of a phenolic resin (PR) by a two-step acid synthesis process to improve its thermal and hydrophobic properties. The successful synthesis of a fluorinated phenolic resin/phenolic resin blend (F-PR/PR) was proven by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance 19F (¹⁹F-NMR). The thermal properties of F-PR/PR were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and the results indicate that the F-PR/PR had good thermal stability. The hydrophobic properties of PR were effectively modified as demonstrated by the water drop contact angles. The flexural and tribological properties of F-PR/PR were also investigated. The fluorine atom, by virtue of its electronegativity, size and bond strength with carbon, can be used to create composites from F-PR/PR with remarkable properties. For comparison, two other resin blends were also synthesized.     

Thermal Degradation Behavior and Kinetics of Polybenzoxazine Based on Bisphenol-S and Allylamine

The thermal degradation behavior of polybenzoxazine based on bisphenol-S/allylamine was studied by Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry. The reaction proceeded through detaching of Schiff bases and cleavage of aromatic C–S bonds and the Mannich bridge structures; the scission temperature of the aromatic C–S bond was lower than those of C–N and C–C bonds. The activation energy of the thermal degradation was evaluated with the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method.     

Source-Manipulating Wavelength-Dependent Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Heterodyne Detectors

The intensities of signal and local oscillator (LO) can be elegantly manipulated for the noise-based quantum system while manipulating the wavelength-dependent modulation in source to increase the performance of the continuous-variable key distribution in terms of the secret key rate and maximal transmission distance. The source-based additional noises can be tuned and stabilized to the suitable values to eliminate the effect of the LO fluctuations and defeat the potential attacks in imperfect quantum channels. It is firmly proved that the secret key rate can be manipulated in source over imperfect channels by the intensities of signal and LO with different wavelengths, which have an effect on the optimal signal-to-noise ratio of the heterodyne detectors resulting from the detection efficiency and the additional electronic noise as well. Simulation results show that there is a nice balance between the secret key rate and the maximum transmission distance.     

Application of the Ru(bipy)2(dpp)2+ / C2O4 2− electrochemiluminescence reaction to the determination of phenol

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the ruthenium di(2,2′-bipyridine)- (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) complex (Ru-bipy-dpp) produced on a glassy carbon electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The anodic oxidation of Ru-bipy-dpp produces ECL in the presence of oxalate in oxygen-free aqueous solutions. Threefold ECL efficiencies were obtained for Ru-bipy-dpp relative to Ru(bipy)₃ as a standard. The ECL of Ru-bipy-dpp is quenched by both oxygen and phenol. The luminescence intensity was proportional to the concentration of phenol in the range of 5–100 μM. At a phenol concentration of 100 μM, the ECL of Ru-bipy-dpp peaking at 597 nm was completely quenched. Correspondence: Dan Xiao, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China     

Photochemical reaction of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone within lyotropic liquid crystals

Lyotropic liquid crystals (LCs) formed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), n-pentanol, and H₂O at room temperature in their tertiary phase diagram have been explored as a confined medium for the typical photochemical reaction of cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (1), which can lead to either intramolecular hydrogen abstraction product 2 or intermolecular reduction product 3 in isotropic solutions upon irradiation. Studies on the product distributions of ketone 1 in the absence and presence of electron donors in this work demonstrate that LC not only restricts the movement of the substrates and intermediates but also encapsulates the substrates and electron donors together during photoirradiation, thereby giving rise to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen abstraction product 3 with high efficiency. A comparison of the same reaction in SDS micelle reveals that LC provides much better constraint than the micelles. The solution-like LC can be used as a microreactor to direct the reaction pathway of ketone 1 by controlling the viscosity and close contact between substrates and electron donors.     

Large third-order optical nonlinear effects of gold nanoparticles with unusual fluorescence enhancement

The third-order nonlinear optical properties of two solutions of gold nanoparticles protected by carbazolyldiacetylene derivatives were investigated using the Z-scan technique. Both gold nanoparticle colloid solutions in toluene show unusual fluorescent enhancement and large third-order nonlinear optical properties including nonlinear absorption and refractive effects. When extending the pi-conjugated length of the ligands, the third-order nonlinear properties of composite materials based on gold nanoparticles were enhanced accordingly.     

Facile fabrication of monodisperse polymer hollow spheres

This article reports the facile synthesis of monodisperse polymer hollow spheres by seeded emulsion polymerization without additional treatment. In this method, P(St-MMA-MAA) copolymer latex particles were first prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization and then used as seeds to carry out emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), divinyl benzene (DVB), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator at 80 degrees C. The void of hollow spheres was readily adjusted by changing the monomer/seed weight ratio, and it could be enlarged while the diameters of hollow spheres changed little after etching by dimethyl formamide (DMF). The effects of synthetic parameters including the monomer composition and the properties of seeds on the morphology of hollow spheres were investigated in detail. On the basis of the experimental results, it seemed reasonable to conclude that the formation of hollow spheres was due to the "dissolution" of seeds in monomers and phase separation between the constituent polymers. As a thermodynamic factor, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) would allow the preparation of solid particles depending on its level.     

Morphology transition and aggregation-induced emission of an intramolecular charge-transfer compound

An intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) compound, (TCBD)2OPV3, has been synthesized and fabricated into one-dimensional nanotubes by a reprecipitation method. The observation of SEM and TEM showed the nanotubes were formed from their zero-dimensional precursors of hollow nanospheres. Reconstruction was found to happen during the morphology transition progress. The morphology transition and reconstruction are proposed to be a "curvature strain releasing" process driven by donor-acceptor dipole-dipole interactions. An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect was observed for (TCBD)2OPV3. Both aggregates of vesicles and nanotubes were observed to be good red emitters with near-infrared end emission of 750-850 nm, which endows the material with potential applications in the fields of optical devices, biosensors, and biolabels.