Temperature dependence of grain growth in zone-refined tin containing large additions of zinc in solid solution

Grain growth in zone-refined tin containing high concentrations > 0.05 < 0.40 wt% Zn in solid solution have been investigated in the temperature range 70–160°C. It has been found that increasing the zinc content by a factor of 8 decreased the rate of grain growth by ∼ 30% at all annealing temperatures, and this was attributed to small variations of grain boundary mobility. In addition, the increase of annealing temperature from 70 to 160°C resulted in the increase of grain growth by a factor of ∼ 50 at any given concentration, which shows that the rate of grain growth is not strongly influenced by increasing the zinc concentration. The energy activating the growth process was calculated for all concentrations investigated and had a nearly constant value of ∼ 1 eV. An empirical formula was proposed relating the rate of grain growth and the solute concentration.     

Crystal Structure of the Amine‐Carbonato‐Cobalt(III) Complex [Co(CO3)(L1)]ClO4 with Aminoalkyl Pendant‐Arm [12]eneN4, L1 = 9‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐1,5,9‐Triazacyclododecene

The crystal and molecular structure of the title complex [Co(CO3)(L1)]ClO4 was determined from X‐ray diffraction data using direct methods. The crystals are monoclinic, a = 13.588(4) Å, b = 9.049(3) Å, c = 15.569(6) Å, β = 114.75(2)°, Z = 4, V = 1738.5(10) ų, space group P21/n. The structure consists of isolated [Co(CO3)(C12H26N4)]+ complex cations, with distorted octahedral geometry and ClO4‐ counter anions. The results are discussed in relation to similar macrocycle and carbonato analogues.