N'-(1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethylidene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide as scaffold for the synthesis of diverse heterocyclic compounds as prospective antitumor and antimicrobial activities

In this article, the main target was to study the antitumor and antimicrobial efficacy of new heterocycles conjugated with biphenyl moiety in-vitro. This was implemented by utilizing N'-(1-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)ethylidene)-2-cyanoacetohydrazide 3 as a material for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds. Among of them, some compounds were selected and assayed against two antitumor cell lines as (HepG2) and (HCT-116). Conspicuously, the achieved results showed that compounds 6, 13, and 23 possess significant potency against both cancer cell lines. Particularly, compound 13 exhibited a remarkable efficacy, similar to the standard anticancer drug (doxorubicin), against both cancer cell lines. Noteworthy, compound 13 may serve as a potential anticancer therapeutic drug in the future. On the other hand, In-vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities of selected compounds were assayed and the results indicated that the compound 6 exhibited significant potency against Candida albicans, while compounds 6 and 8 displayed spectacular results for the antibacterial study.     

Syringaldehyde as a scaffold for the synthesis of some biologically potent heterocycles

Syringaldehyde was utilized in synthesis of different heterocyclic systems. Some of the synthesized compounds 2 , 7 , 8 , 10 , 11 , and 13 were tested for antioxidant activity where they showed ability to inhibit oxidation in kidney and rat brain homogenates using 2, 2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Also, the activity against cancer was examined using the standard MTT method for two human tumor cell lines namely; mammary gland breast cancer MCF-7 and hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2. The highest activity as antioxidant and antitumor agents was exhibited by compounds 8 and 11 . However, moderate activities were shown by compounds 10 and 13 . While, compounds 2 , 7 showed weak activities.     

Utilization of 2-substituted 3, 1-benzoxazin-4-ones in synthesis of some quinazoline annulated derivatives

Abstract

In this study, a new series of quinazoline and their annulated derivatives have been synthesized. A number of quiazolinone derivatives substituted at position-3 were prepared from 3, 1-benzoxazinone by the treatment of 3,1-benzoxazinone with different nitrogen nucleophiles such as, hydrazine hydrate, phenylhydrazine, ethanolamine, and cyano acetohydrazide afforded the quinazolinone derivatives 7–11. The reaction of hydrazide derivative 5 with aromatic aldehydes gave the Schiff’s bases derivative 16a–c. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested against the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were established based on IR, ¹H, ¹³C NMR, mass spectral data, and elemental analyses.     

Removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous solutions using modified activated carbon: A kinetic and equilibrium study

Removal nickel from the aquatic environment is a serious environmental problem in view of public health. The present article studies the applicability of activated carbon, obtained from graphite, as a source of adsorbents to remove nickel from the aqueous polluted water. Activated carbon was obtained by steam activation of graphite and then was oxidized by nitric acid followed by modification with Tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA). The applicability of graphite activated carbon (GAC), and modified activated carbon by Tetraethylenepentamine (GACA) to remove nickel ions Ni(II) from aqueous media was studied. The effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and the temperature was evaluated during Ni(II) removal operating in a batch process. Experimental results show that the studied activated carbon have a good adsorption capacity for Ni(II) ions and could reduce the concentrations of it in the groundwater. A maximum removal efficient of Ni(II) was observed at 55°C. The experimental data showed an endothermic and spontaneous process, which was fitted to Langmuir isotherm. Based on our results, we can conclude that it is possible to use GAC and GACA for removing Ni(II) effectively from groundwater.     

Evaluation of copper Chemical-Vapor-Deposition films on glass and Si(100) substrates

Thin films of pure copper have been deposited on glass and Si(100) substrates using copper acetylacetonate [Cu(acac)₂] and copper HexaFluoroAcetylacetonate [Cu(HFA)₂] sources. A thermal, cold-wall, reduced pressure (3325–5985 Pa) Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) process was employed. The effect of H₂O vapor on the grain size, deposition rate, and resistivity was examined. Electrical resistivities of 2.4 cm for copper films deposited on Si(100) and 3.44 cm for copper films deposited on glass at substrate temperatures of 265° C and a [Cu(acac)₂] source temperature of 147° C with the use of H₂O vapor were measured. When [Cu(HFA)₂] was used, the substrate temperature was 385° C and the source temperature was 85° C. An activation energy for the copper film deposition process was calculated to be 22.2 kJ/mol in the case of the [Cu(acac)₂] source. A deposition rate of 11 nm/min was obtained with Cu(acac)₂ as the source and the rate was 44.4 nm/min with the Cu(HFA)₂ source; both were obtained with the use of H₂O vapor. No selectivity was observed with either source for either substrate. The deposited films were fully characterized using XRD, LVSEM, SAXPS, and RBS.     

Normal Unenhanced Raman Spectra of CO and CH4 Adsorbed on Cobalt(poly)

Abstract

Normal unenhanced Raman spectra (NURS) of low-polarizability CO molecules were observed for the first time on cobalt at R. T. and residual gas pressure. We assign five bands observed between 2030–2130 cm^?1 to linear chemisorbed CO species, while those observed between 1840–2010 cm^?1 have been ascribed to the 2-fold chemisorbed species. The three bands observed between 1740–1830 cm^?1 we believe are due to the 3-fold species. The corresponding fourteen Co-C stretches were observed and assigned. A model based upon electron backdonation is proposed for each of the three structures. NURS were also observed at R. T. for physisorbed CH₄ and assignments are made to the four frequencies of CH_4.     

The elastic potential energy of a thin foil deformed by an in-plane 60° dislocation

An explicit expression of the elastic potential energy, W ^p, stored in a thin foil by a dissociated dislocation running parallel to the free surfaces is obtained in isotropic elasticity. It is used to discuss the metastable elastic equilibrium of a 60° dislocation in an ultrathin silicon foil when the fault plane is slightly inclined with respect to the free surfaces. The energy W ^p depends in particular on the positions of the two partials in the foil and on the thickness h, a situation not fully considered previously. For such ultrathin foils, propitious to the observation of partial dislocations cores at near atomic resolution, the theory predicts rapid changes with h of the separation distance S. This result is in accordance with previous experimental observations of S realized with the so-called “forbidden-reflection lattice imaging” technique.     

Gamma ray interactions with MoO3-doped lead phosphate glasses

The UV–Visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of undoped lead phosphate and MoO₃-doped glassy samples have been investigated. The UV–VIS absorption spectra were re-measured after successive gamma irradiation. Before irradiation, undoped sample exhibited strong ultraviolet absorption, which was attributed to co-absorption due to trace iron impurities (mainly Fe³⁺ ions) and lead Pb²⁺ ions. With the introduction of MoO₃ in progressive amounts, extra visible bands were recorded at about 400–440, 540, 750 and 870?nm. These bands are most likely correlated with the presence of Mo³⁺, Mo⁴⁺ and Mo⁵⁺ ions in the host glass. In the undoped specimen, gamma irradiation produced UV absorption bands that increased slightly with irradiation but no visible bands were recorded. Samples containing high MoO₃ content showed some resistance to irradiation with no bands in the visible region being observed. FTIR absorption spectra of the undoped and MoO₃-doped samples revealed the formation of metaphosphate and pyrophosphate structural units. Highly MoO₃-doped samples exhibited additional bands due to molybdate groups. Raman and ESR spectra were in agreement with UV–VIS and IR data, indicating the presence of molybdenum ions in lead phosphate glass, as Mo³⁺, Mo⁴⁺ and Mo⁶⁺ with different ratios. However, such glassy systems favor the trivalent species.     

The electrochemistry of some ferrocene derivatives: redox potential and substituent effects

Fifteen ferrocene derivatives I–IX (four of which have been prepared for the first time: II, IIIf, V and VIII) have been prepared by Friedel–Crafts acetylation, Claisen condensation, Michael reaction, and ring closure by hydrazine hydrate. The anodic behaviour of these compounds has been studied by cyclic voltammetry at a platinum electrode in an aprotic solvent. All these substituted ferrocenes exhibit a reversible one‐electron oxidation reduction centred at each iron centre, and the effect of substituents on the half‐wave oxidation potential is discussed in terms of their electronic properties. Linear correlations have been observed between these potentials and the Hammett σ_x constant for the substituents. Cyclic voltammetry has been carried out for ferrocene derivatives IIIa, V and IX. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Solution of shallow water equations using fully adaptive multiscale schemes

The concept of fully adaptive multiscale finite volume methods has been developed to increase spatial resolution and to reduce computational costs of numerical simulations. Here grid adaptation is performed by means of a multiscale analysis based on biorthogonal wavelets. In order to update the solution in time we use a local time stepping strategy that has been recently developed for hyperbolic conservation laws. The adaptive multiresolution scheme is now applied to two‐dimensional shallow water equations with source terms. The efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated on several problems with a general geometry, including circular damp breaks, oblique hydraulic jump, supercritical channel flows encountering sudden change in cross‐section, and, finally, the bore wave and its interactions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.