Investigation of the onset and development of forward scattering in an underdense plasma

We investigate the distortion of a spatial intensity modulation imposed on a 527 nm f/10 probe beam as it transmits through an underdense plasma characterized with Thomson scattering. Combining the measurements with full wave simulations of beam propagation through the entire plasma show that the key features of the data can be reproduced using the Kaiser thermal transport model.     

基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量方法

基于扭秤测量冲量原理,结合激光干涉法差动测量角度的方法,提出一种基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量的方法。介绍系统的基本组成和测量过程,给出扭秤结构设计参数,并对系统参数进行了标定,结合设计参数与标定结果,对系统的分辨率、量程和精度进行了校核,在典型的测量环境下,对激光烧蚀靶材所形成的Ns量级微小冲量进行了测量,给出了典型的测量结果并进行分析。结果表明:所提出的基于扭秤的激光干涉差动测量微小冲量方法,系统分辨率可达10-7Ns量级,测量范围跨5个数量级,最大可以测量10-2Ns量级冲量,测量精度优于95%。     

在光学实验中开设计算全息实验的探讨

计算全息能很好地实现传统光学全息干涉衍射过程的数字化模拟,与传统实验相比,实验参数调整方便,现象直观。将计算全息引入到光学实验教学中,可以突破传统实验的诸多限制,拓宽学生的专业知识面,促进学生的综合实验技能培养。     

数值模拟微米粒子的体全息记录与再现

体全息对小粒子记录及再现的影响关系到体全息材料在粒子场检测领域的应用前景,提出结合角谱传播理论与多光栅耦合波理论进行体全息图衍射分析的方法,并数值模拟了微米量级小粒子衍射光场的体全息记录与再现。数值分析结果表明体全息理论并不能像薄全息理论那样精确的再现出原始物光。其再现光场的角谱分布相对于原始光场存在高阶衰减,这使得再现光场成像后的图像边缘模糊,而且模糊程度还会随着粒子尺寸的下降逐渐上升。虽然这一现象为粒子边缘判读带来困难,但是再现图像的径向强度分布可为提高判断精度提供有益的参考。     

稀土掺杂磷酸钇荧光粉的控制合成和发光性能

利用水热法分别合成了Ce~(3+)、Tb~(3+)共掺杂的YPO_4下转换荧光粉和Er~(3+)、Yb~(3+)、Tm~(3+)共掺杂的YPO_4上转换荧光粉,经过工艺优化获得了1μm左右尺寸均匀的发光材料。通过系列实验研究了反应温度、反应时间、稀土离子掺杂比例和退火温度对样品发光性能的影响。YPO_4∶Ce~(3+),Tb~(3+)荧光粉在295 nm紫外光的激发下产生下转换发光效应,当Tb~(3+)摩尔分数为1%时得到明亮的绿光;YPO_4∶Er~(3+),Tm~(3+),Yb~(3+)荧光粉在980nm近红外光激发下产生上转换发光效应,当稀土离子中Er~(3+)摩尔分数为3%时,所制备的样品经过1 000℃退火处理后发出很强的暖白光。     

烧结温度和掺杂浓度对Y_4Zr_3O_(12)∶Eu~(3+)荧光粉发光性质的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Y_4Zr_3O_(12)∶Eu~(3+)纳米荧光粉,分别采用XRD、TEM和荧光光谱仪对样品的结构、形貌和发光性能进行了表征,探讨了烧结温度和Eu~(3+)掺杂浓度对荧光粉发光性能的影响。结果表明,样品可以被394 nm和467 nm的激发光有效激发。样品的最佳烧结温度和Eu~(3+)离子的最佳掺杂摩尔分数分别为1 400℃和18%。浓度猝灭主要归因于电偶极-电偶极相互作用。     

基于LASSO方法的傅里叶变换红外光谱快速定性识别方法

采用红外光谱技术对未知气体组分进行监测,需要对气体组分进行定性识别分析。基于多元线性回归模型的LASSO变量选择技术广泛应用于数据分析领域。将LASSO方法引入到红外光谱分析领域,提出一种LASSO变量选择技术结合循环线性最小二乘(LCLS)分析的定性识别方法,并开展了相关的实验对其进行验证。实验采集CO,C₂H₄,NH₃,C₃H₈,C₄H₁₀和C₆H₁₄六种单组分傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱吸光度谱以及一组C₂H₄和NH₃混合组分的吸光度谱,结合实验室自建光谱数据库,先采用LASSO方法对采集的光谱进行初步定性分析,然后使用LCLS方法剔除干扰组分。实验结果表明,LASSO结合LCLS的方法能有效识别出光谱中的目标组分,即使是在干扰严重的光谱波段也可以剔除掉大部分的干扰组分。     

苹果可溶性固形物便携式检测实验研究

为实现苹果可溶性固形物的便携式快速检测,搭建了以STS光谱仪和自制样品杯作为光谱检测装置的苹果可溶性固形物便携式检测平台。采用自行设计的检测平台采集了苹果的近红外漫反射光谱,对比分析了不同的光照角度、光源与探头距离对光谱响应特性的影响,建立了苹果可溶性固形物偏最小二乘模型(PLS)和最小二乘支持向量机模型(LS-SVM),采用连续投影算法及主成分分分析法对最小二乘支持向量机模型进行了优化,并对比分析了两种检测模型的优劣。其中当光源距探头距离为15 mm光源角度为45°时,结合偏最小二乘法建立苹果的可溶性固形物定量检测模型精度最高。模型的预测集相关系数为0.924,预测均方根误差为0.334%。实验结果表明,采用四周照射、底部接收并结合避光圈的这种结构布置能够有效的克服杂散光现象并且提高了光谱中的有效信息。研究可为快速、便携的苹果可溶性固形物检测仪器的设计提供参考依据和理论支撑。     

Temperature effect on deposition rate of silicon nitride films

Temperature effects on deposition rate of silicon nitride films were characterized by building a neural network prediction model. The silicon nitride films were deposited by using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system and process parameter effects were systematically characterized by 2⁶⁻¹ fractional factorial experiment. The process parameters involved include a radio frequency power, pressure, temperature, SiH₄, N₂, and NH₃ flow rates. The prediction performance of generalized regression neural network was drastically improved by optimizing multi-valued training factors using a genetic algorithm. Several 3D plots were generated to investigate parameter effects at various temperatures. Predicted variations were experimentally validated. The temperature effect on the deposition rate was a complex function of parameters but N₂ flow rate. Larger decreases in the deposition rate with the temperature were only noticed at lower SiH₄ (or higher NH₃) flow rates. Typical effects of SiH₄ or NH₃ flow rate were only observed at higher or lower temperatures. A comparison with the refractive index model facilitated a selective choice of either SiH₄ or NH₃ for process optimization.     

Crystallinity and morphology dependent luminescence of Li-doped Y2−xGdxO3:Eu thin film phosphors

The influence of lithium doping on the crystallization, the surface morphology, and the luminescent properties of pulsed laser deposited Y_2−xGd_xO₃:Eu³⁺ thin film phosphors was investigated. The crystallinity, the surface morphology, and the photoluminescence (PL) of films depended highly on the Li-doping and the Gd content. The relationship between the crystalline and morphological structures and the luminescent properties was studied, and Li⁺ doping was found to effectively enhance not only the crystallinity but also the luminescent brightness of Y_2−xGd_xO₃:Eu³⁺ thin films. In particular, the incorporation of Li and Gd into the Y₂O₃ lattice could induce remarkable increase in the PL. The highest emission intensity was observed Li-doped Y_1.35Gd_0.6O₃:Eu³⁺ thin films whose brightness was increased by a factor of 4.6 in comparison with that of Li-doped Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺ thin films.