Evaluation of firm’s loss due to incomplete information in real investment decision

We investigate the effect of incomplete information in a model where a start-up with a unique idea and technology pioneers a new market but will eventually be expelled from the market by a large firm’s subsequent entry. We evaluate the start-up’s loss due to incomplete information about the large firm’s behavior. We clarify conditions under which the start-up needs more information about the large firm. The proposed method of evaluating the loss due to incomplete information could also be applied to other real options models involving incomplete information.     

Direct extraction of the isovector deformation parameter β(1)2 from the (p,n) reaction of 56Fe

The reaction ⁵⁶Fe(p, n)⁵⁶Co leading to the analog of the ground state and the first excited 2⁺ state of ⁵⁶Fe has been studied at E_p=20, 28, 32 and35MeV. The direct process dominates at higher energies, thus the direct extraction of the isovector deformation parameter β⁽¹⁾₂ is feasible. It is found that β⁽¹⁾₂ is about three times larger than β⁽⁰⁾₂, the isoscalar deformation parameter.     

Structure of thiotropocin,a new sulfur-containing 7-membered antibiotic

The structure of a new antibiotic thiotropocin is described.     

Fuzzy network technique for technological forecasting

The stochastic network technique is known to be a powerful tool carrying out a technological forecast of complex systems. A network dealt with is characterized by a tetrad of essential elements: logical nodes with some inputs and outputs, probabilistics activity branches, feedback loops, and multiple sources and sinks. A set of network parameters is defined for each element and their values are estimated for practical analysis of the network. In the case where the system to be treated is very large and/or complex, it cannot always be represented by a definite network and therefore forecasted values of parameters are inevitably indefinite themselves. A conventional probabilistic approach is sometimes inadequate in such a case. In the light of these facts, the paper proposes a fuzzy network technique, in which among activity branches emanating from a node, a branch to be undertaken once the node is realized belongs to a fuzzy set; and the time required to complete an activity branch belongs to a fuzzy set. Operations of maximum and minimum for sum and product of fuzzy sets take the place of manipulations of addition and multiplication for probabilities, respectively. Although the operations are somewhat formal, the obtained results seem interesting. A numerical example is attached to show a comparison of the proposed technique with the conventional one.     

Optical third-harmonic generation from some high-index glasses

Optical third-harmonic generation from some high-index glasses was investigated. The highest χ⁽³⁾ was obtained from As₂S₃ glass 2.2 × 10⁻¹² esu/ This value was 100 times higher than that of pure SiO₂ glass and comparable with that of the polymer with monomer-doping, which are known as organic materials with quite high χ⁽³⁾. From the relationship between χ⁽³⁾ and composition, sulfide glasses were found to have higher χ⁽³⁾ than oxide or semiconductor-doped oxide glasses with similar refractive indices.     

Structural and conformational studies on citreoviridinol and isocitreoviridinol: syntheses of some 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes

Isocitreoviridinol has been newly isolated from the mycelium of $\text{Penicillium citreo-viride}$ B. (IFO 6050) together with citreoviridinol, and their stereostructures have also been elucidated by means of chemical method: the 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes have been made, one of which is regarded as a promising synthetic intermediate of citreoviridinol. In addition, isocitreoviridinol diacetate has been derived from citreoviridin in 3 steps.     

Synthesis of N-methyl and N-11C-methyl spiperone by phase transfer catalysis in anhydrous solvent

Spiperone, a butyrophenone neuroleptic drug, has been used in binding studies of dopamine receptors. L?ngstr?m et al. developed N-11C-methyl spiperone, and, in cooperate with Wagner et al., made it possible to visualize the distribution of dopamine receptors in the human brain in vivo. In this paper, we independently developed another synthetic method of N-11C-methyl spiperone using the phase transfer catalyst in an anhydrous solvent. Separation of the product is feasible only by passing the reactant solution through a Millipore filter and injecting it onto high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The time required for the synthesis and purification of N-11C-methyl spiperone from 11C-methyl iodide and spiperone was 20 min. Radiochemical yield exceeded 35% against 11C-methyl iodide without correcting decay of the radioactivity.