全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1047篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 670篇 |
晶体学 | 7篇 |
力学 | 13篇 |
数学 | 131篇 |
物理学 | 266篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 20篇 |
2017年 | 14篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 22篇 |
2014年 | 37篇 |
2013年 | 57篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 74篇 |
2010年 | 49篇 |
2009年 | 51篇 |
2008年 | 46篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 72篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 28篇 |
2002年 | 25篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 15篇 |
1999年 | 14篇 |
1998年 | 15篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 9篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1087条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
A phenomenological model is proposed to account for the variation of carbon diffusivityD(N1) with composition in austenite. This model is based on Parris-McLellan's statement that the increase ofD(N1) with carbon concentrationN
1 is due to the increase in chemical driving force. The gradient of the carbon activity in Wagner's and in Zupp-Stevenson's interpretation is presumed to be the intrinsic driving force. The predictions of the model are compared with carbonD(N1) values both with [1] and without [5] a chemical concentration gradient. TheD(0) values and the carbon-carbon interaction coefficients
1 are calculated by the use of the least squares method from the experimental data. The application of Zupp-Stevenson's definition of the activity coefficient
1 results in a better fit of the theory to the experimental data. 相似文献
22.
Jan Kučera 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1991,41(8):749-780
The paper of three parts is focused on the Landauer-Büttiker approach to the study of transport in two-dimensional electron systems, with particular attention to the influence of an external magnetic field. In the previous part the total conductance of such a system was shown to be proportional to the transmission current. In the present part we give a detailed proof, based on the linear response theory, to the last statement. The value of the magnetic field may be arbitrary and possible inhomogeneity of the electric field is also considered.The author wishes to thank to Professor P. Steda and Professor L. Smrka for discussions and encouragement. 相似文献
23.
F. Soška F. Beneš S. Jura B. Gross Z. šimša F. Kosek J. Horák J. Kašpar K. čermák J. Lipták M. Ryba E. F. Holländer A. Havránek E. Havránková A. Kochanovská J. Sommer F. Vilím P. Lukáš C. Rumler S. Kadečková F. Vávra M. Matyáš J. Beneš J. Kučera L. DvoŘák Z. KudĚlásek J. Hájek A. Marek Z. Malec J. Janků B. Sojka L. Karmazin M. Ryšavá L. Janko K. Huml 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1961,11(11):852-862
24.
How quay cranes (QC) are scheduled is vital to the productivity of seaside container port operations. Double cycling concept is an operation strategy of loading the containers into ships as they are unloaded, thus improving the efficiency of a QC as well as the container port. Goodchild and Daganzo (Transp Sci 40(4):473–483, 2006) first described QC double cycling problem and solved the problem after formulating it into a two machine flow shop problem. Song (Port Technol Int 36:50–52, 2007) studied the formula to determine the optimal starting sequence for double cycling while reflecting on the practical issue of QC working direction. The above studies focused on a single QC double cycling and their empirical trials showed the double cycling could improve the productivity of each QC approximately by between 10 and 20 %. In Zhang and Kim (Comput Ind Eng 56(3):979–992, 2009), a multiple QC double cycling model was first suggested by formulating a mixed integer programming model to maximise the number of double cycles between multiple QCs. In the present paper we point out a flaw with the existing multiple QC double cycling model that lets cycles that are not implementable. In addition, the paper discusses the need for imposing constraints arising from real world requirements to the formulations aiming at double cycling. 相似文献
25.
Yunqian Li Udesh Dhawan Huey‐Yuan Wang Xinrui Liu Huan‐Hsuan Ku Meng‐Tsan Tsai Hung‐Wei Yen Ren‐Jei Chung 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2019,36(6)
The challenges of nanoparticles, such as size‐dependent toxicity, nonbiocompatibility, or inability to undergo functionalization for drug conjugation, limit their biomedical application in more than one domain. Oval‐shaped iron@gold core–shell (oFe@Au) magnetic nanoparticles are engineered and their applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and controlled drug release, are explored via photo stimulation‐generated hyperthermia. The oFe@Au nanoparticles have a size of 42.57 ± 5.99 nm and consist of 10.76 and 89.24 atomic % of Fe and Au, respectively. Upon photo‐stimulation for 10 and 15 minutes, the levels of cancer cell death induced by methotrexate‐conjugated oFe@Au nanoparticles are sixfold and fourfold higher, respectively, than oFe@Au nanoparticles alone. MRI and OCT confirm the application of these nanoparticles as a contrast agent. Finally, results of in vivo experiments reveal that the temperature is elevated by 13.2 °C, when oFe@Au nanoparticles are irradiated with a 167 mW cm?2 808 nm laser, which results in a significant reduction in tumor volume and scab formation after 7 days, followed by complete disappearance after 14 days. The ability of these nanoparticles to generate heat upon photo‐stimulation also opens new doors for studying hyperthermia‐mediated controlled drug release for cancer therapy. Applications include biomedical engineering, cancer therapy, and theranostics fields. 相似文献
26.
Biing-Feng Wang Shietung Peng Hong-Yi Yu Shan-Chyun Ku 《Journal of Algorithms in Cognition, Informatics and Logic》2006,59(2):107-124
Let T=(V,E) be a free tree in which each vertex has a weight and each edge has a length. Let n=|V|. Given T and parameters k and l, a (k,l)-tree core is a subtree X of T with diameter l, having k leaves, which minimizes the sum of the weighted distances from all vertices in T to X. In this paper, two efficient algorithms are presented for finding a (k,l)-tree core of T. The first algorithm has O(n2) time complexity for the case that each edge has an arbitrary length. The second algorithm has O(lkn) time complexity for the case that the lengths of all edges are 1. The (k,l)-tree core problem has an application in distributed database systems. 相似文献
27.
28.
Herng TS Qi DC Berlijn T Yi JB Yang KS Dai Y Feng YP Santoso I Sánchez-Hanke C Gao XY Wee AT Ku W Ding J Rusydi A 《Physical review letters》2010,105(20):207201
We report direct evidence of room-temperature ferromagnetic ordering in O-deficient ZnO:Cu films by using soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and x-ray absorption. Our measurements have revealed unambiguously two distinct features of Cu atoms associated with (i) magnetically ordered Cu ions present only in the oxygen-deficient samples and (ii) magnetically disordered regular Cu2+ ions present in all the samples. We find that a sufficient amount of both oxygen vacancies (V(O)) and Cu impurities is essential to the observed ferromagnetism, and a non-negligible portion of Cu impurities is uninvolved in the magnetic order. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a microscopic "indirect double-exchange" model, in which alignments of localized large moments of Cu in the vicinity of the V(O) are mediated by the large-sized vacancy orbitals. 相似文献
29.
A. Paulenová P. Rajec M. Ježíková J. Kučera 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,211(1):145-152
The preconcentration of cadmium from aqueous colloid solution containing 8-hydroxyquinoline as extractant, laurylsulphate natrium as surfactant,n-butanol as co-surfactant was performed using micellar ultrafiltration technique. Filters with different pore size and materials were used to achieve a separation from liquid solutions. The cadmium recoveries depending on different conditions (pH, concentration of surfactant) were determined and the results are explained in the terms of colloidal parameters in the compare with the classical solvent extraction. 相似文献
30.
Grzegorz Zi?ba Marcin Rojkiewicz Violetta Kozik Krystyna Jarzembek Anna Jarczyk Aleksander Sochanik Piotr Ku? 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2012,58(4):153-159