Syntheses of Benzoxepinoquinolinone and Benzothiepinoquinolinone

l-Benzoxepino(3, 4-b)quinolin-l3(6H)-one and its halogen,alkyl, alkoxy derivatives Va'-d' and 1-benzothiepino(3,4-b}-quinolin- 13 ( 6H)-one Vf, and its alkyl derivatives Vg, weresynthesized through cyclization of 2-(substituted phenoxymethyl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids Va-d and 2-[ (un)substituted phen-ylthiomethyll-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids IVf-g in the presence ofpolyphosphoric acid.The acids IV were obtained from the corresponding ethyl-esters @ whcih were prepared through refluxing ethyl 2-bromo-methyl-3-quinolinecarboxylate(1) with substituted phenol or (un)substituted thiophenol in the presence of NaOEt.The compound Vg, was allowed to react with NBS, KaBH4, NH2OH-HCl to give compounds VII , VIII, and IX, respectively.The structures of 24 new compounds have been confirmed by elemental analysis, IR and 1H NMR.     

Rheological and microrheological characterization of a novel amphoteric xanthan gum

A novel amphoteric xanthan gum (AXG) containing anionic carboxyl groups and cationic quaternary ammonium substituents was prepared from xanthan gum (XG) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltriethanolammonium acetate. The rheological and microrheological properties of AXG and XG solutions were studied in this work. The rheological results showed that the apparent viscosity of the 0.4% AXG solution was 5.26 times that of the 0.4% XG solution, and the AXG solution exhibited more obvious thixotropy and much stronger viscoelasticity than the XG solution. Both experiment and numerical simulations were adopted to investigate the gel-breaking process of the AXG solution, and the rheokinetics equations can well describe the evolution of complex viscosity. Moreover, the optical microrheology method was also adopted to investigate the microrheological behavior of AXG and XG solutions. The microrheological results showed that the AXG solution exhibited higher viscosity index at zero shear and a more obvious solid-like behavior than the XG solution. Good agreement is found when comparing the results obtained from microrheology to classical rheology, which verifies the feasibility of the microrheology method for measuring the solution properties, especially some properties not well described by the current rheological approach.     

Ultrathin Graphdiyne Nanosheets Grown In Situ on Copper Nanowires and Their Performance as Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes

A method is presented for the scalable preparation of high‐quality graphdiyne nanotubes and ultrathin graphdiyne nanosheets (average thickness: ca. 1.9 nm) using Cu nanowires as a catalyst. For the storage of Li⁺ ions, the graphdiyne nanostructures show a high capacity of 1388 mAh g^?1 and high rate performance (870 mA h g^?1 at 10 A g^?1, and 449.8 mA h g^?1 at 20 A g^?1) with robust stability, demonstrating outstanding overall potential for its applications.     

Response surface methodology for the optimization of the ultrasonic-assisted rhamnolipid treatment of oily sludge

This study investigates the recovery of oily sludge using ultrasound-assisted rhamnolipids and uses oil recovery yield as an evaluation index. The Box–Behnken response surface method was employed to investigate the individual and interactive effects of four different operating factors: frequency, dosage, liquid–solid ratio, and stirring speed. The model optimization results showed that the order of degree of influence of these four factors is frequency > liquid–solid ratio > dosage > stirring speed. The mathematical model predicted the highest oil recovery yield as 92.27%, which was highly accurate (in the 95% confidence interval) as from the experimental results, the highest oil recovery yield was 89.95% under optimal reaction conditions (frequency = 25.58 kHz, dosage = 150.45 mg/L, liquid–solid ratio = 4.1:1 mL/g, and stirring speed = 407 rpm). Thus, the deviation from the prediction model was only 2.32%, indicating that this method provides a theoretical basis for the treatment of oily sludge and can be implemented for practical application in Huaidong in the Xinjiang Province.     

Rapid method for alpha counting with extractive scintillator and pulse shape analysis

A rapid method for alpha counting with liquid scintillation is presented. The interference of beta and gamma radiation with the determination of alpha emitting nuclides by liquid scintillation counting was examined. In extractive scintillator cocktail, TOPO-PPO-naphthalene-toluene has been developed for transferring actinide elements into organic scintillator and separating the undesirable materials as well as most beta emitters. Pulse Shape Analysis (PSA) was applied for the discrimination of beta radiation. The influence of cocktail composition on PSA has been studied and compared with that of the commercial cocktail. An analytical procedure was suggested for the rapid determination of actinide elements U, Pu, Am and Cm in the nuclear fuel cycle or in environmental samples.     

Efficient Degradation of Nitrobenzene Induced by Glow Discharge Plasma in Aqueous Solution

The oxidative degradation of nitrobenzene (NB) induced by gaseous glow discharge plasma in contact with aqueous solution was investigated. The experimental results indicated that NB removal obeyed first-order kinetics under certain applied currents. The major degradation byproducts such as nitrophenols, phenol, 1,3-dinitrobenzene and carboxylic acids have been detected. The distribution of nitrophenols follows the order o- > p- > m- and oxalic, formic and acetic acids are major carboxylic intermediates. The eventual products were nitrate ion and carbon dioxide. During the treatment, a large amount of hydrogen peroxide was produced. Addition of ferrous or ferric ions into the solution greatly enhanced the degradation rate due to Fenton’s reaction. The energy efficiencies of NB removal and hydrogen peroxide formation were compared with those of other discharges. Hydroxyl radicals were shown to be the most likely species responsible for NB degradation     

可逆逐级电子转移过程的1.5次和2.5次微分新极谱法

本文提出了可逆逐级电子转移过程(n_1=n_2)的1.5次和2.5次微分电分析法(卷积伏安法)的理论公式,用计算机绘出了相应的理论曲线图,讨论了标准分离电位(△E~0)及电子转移数(n)对电流～电压曲线的影响.选用氯化铜(Ⅱ)-氨水-氯化铵体系进行了实验验证,其结果与理论完全相符.     

Inner‐sphere reorganization for redox pairs M(NH3)62+/3+ (M=Mn,Fe, and Co): Models and calculations

The inner‐shell reorganization and activation models of the electron‐transfer reactions of transition‐metal hexammine complexes are presented. The inner‐shell reorganization and activation energies of several hexammine redox pairs M(NH₃)₆^2+/3+ (M=Mn, Fe, and Co) in self‐exchange reactions are studied by different formalisms. The extent of the anharmonicities in the vibration between the metal–ion and the ligands in the reorganization process of these complexes is determined. The inner‐shell barriers of these redox pairs are dependent on reorganization model used. The contribution of the individual reactants to the inner‐shell barrier is sensitive to the model used. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001     

细菌生长的热动力学性质的研究

前文报导了大肠杆菌在不同培养基中生长的速率及热力学函数.本文在此基础上又测定了不同细菌在相同培养基中生长的规律.细菌生长是一系列非常复杂的过程,为便于研究,使复杂问题简单化,我们采取与过渡状态理论类似的模式进行处理,得出了一些热动力学函数,这些数据为进一步探讨这一复杂过程提供了有用的信息.     

生物分配色谱:高通量筛选药物膜通透性和活性

生物分配色谱是指在色谱系统中引入类生物膜结构,以色谱学方法仿真药物与生物膜的相互作用,现已成为评估药物膜通透性和活性的高通量筛选模型。根据最新进展并结合课题组研究内容,对其理论基础、分类及应用进行了评述,并对这一领域的发展和前景进行了展望。