串口扩展芯片XR16L784在水文监测系统中的应用

为了解决系统设计中单片机串口数量较少不能同时满足多路串行通信的问题,通过对现有串口扩展技术进行对比分析,并针对水文监测系统的应用需求,提出了基于芯片XR16L784完成串口扩展的设计方案。介绍了串口扩展芯片XR16L784的硬件设计和软件编程的具体实现方法,并在水文监测系统上进行了实验验证。结果表明：串口扩展芯片XR16L784可有效实现多个串口扩充,扩充后的串口通道能够在不同波特率下稳定、可靠实现数据双向传输。串口扩展方案解决了在多路串行通信系统中系统主控单元串口数量有限的问题,在水文监测系统中体现出很好的实用价值。     

维生素K3电化学反应机理的红外光谱电化学研究

用循环信安法及现场红外光谱电化学法研究了维生素Ｋ３在铂电极上,弱碱性水溶液介质中的电化学反应机理。循环伏安法实验结果显示ＶＫ３的电反应为两步电子准可逆电极过程,现场光谱电化学实验结果则从基团特征吸收频率的变化表明了ＶＫ３的电化学还原和氧化经历了从萘醌到萘酚的互变过程。据此进一步证实了ＶＫ３由萘醌到酚的电化学反应机理。     

合成近场校准基阵的方法研究

本文利用单根的束控线阵来构造一个虚拟近场校准基阵,使换能器能在它的近场直接测量辐射声场特性。通过利用改进的矩阵稳定技术,解决了求解束控线阵的束控系数时最小二乘解的稳定性和实用性问题。借助计算机仿真,研究了特定线阵条件下,合成近场测量基阵（Ｓ－ＮＦＣＡ）的近场空间的平面波均匀性与线阵间的间距、线阵的工作频率之间的关系。并以小球源为阵元合成一虚拟平面ＮＦＣＡ,用它对一平面喇叭换能器的近场测量得到远场指向性,并与远场实测结果比较,得到了相当吻合的结果。     

Acetylene hydrochlorination over tin nitrogen based catalysts: effect of nitrogen carbon-dots as nitrogen precursor

The catalysts comprising the main active compounds of Sn-Nx were synthesized using trichlorophenylstannane ((C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn), nitrogen carbon-dots (NCDs), and activated carbon (AC) as starting materials, and the activity and stability of catalysts was evaluated in the acetylene hydrochlorination. According to the results on the physical and chemical properties of catalysts (TEM, XRD, BET, XPS and TG), it is concluded that NCDs@AC can increase (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn dispersity, retard the coke deposition of (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn/AC and lessen the loss of (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn, thereby further promoting the stability of (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn/AC. Based on the characterization results of C₂H₂-TPD and HCl adsorption experiments, we proposed that the existence of Sn-N_x can effectively strengthen the reactants adsorption of catalysts. By combing the FT-IR, C₂H₂-TPD and Rideal-Eley mechanism, the catalytic mechanism, in which C₂H₂ is firstly adsorbed on (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn to form (C₆H₅)Cl₃Sn-C₂H₂ and then reacted with HCl to produce vinyl chloride, is proposed.     

Polarized SERS Controlled by Anisotropic Growth on Ordered Curvature Substrate

Colloidal lithography is an efficient and low-cost method to prepare an ordered nanostructure array with new shapes and properties. In this study, square-shaped and cone-shaped Au nanostructures were obtained by 70° angle deposition onto polystyrene bead array with the diameter of 500 nm when a space of 120 nm is created between the neighbor beads by plasma etching. The gaps between the units decrease when the Au deposition time increases, which leads to the polarized enhanced local field, in agreement with the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra (SERS) observations and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. When the Au deposition time increased to 5 min, 5 nm gaps form between the neighbor units, which gave an enhancement factor of 5 × 10⁹. The SERS chip was decorated for the detection of the liver cancer cell marker Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with the detection limit down to 5 pg/mL.     

Identification of a set of genes showing regionally enriched expression in the mouse brain

Background

We have recorded responses from single neurons in murine visual cortex to determine the effectiveness of the input from the two murine cone photoreceptor mechanisms and whether there is any unique selectivity for cone inputs at this higher region of the visual system that would support the possibility of colour vision in mice. Each eye was stimulated by diffuse light, either 370 (strong stimulus for the ultra-violet (UV) cone opsin) or 505 nm (exclusively stimulating the middle wavelength sensitive (M) cone opsin), obtained from light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the presence of a strong adapting light that suppressed the responses of rods.

Results

Single cells responded to these diffuse stimuli in all areas of striate cortex. Two types of responsive cells were encountered. One type (135/323 – 42%) had little to no spontaneous activity and responded at either the on and/or the off phase of the light stimulus with a few impulses often of relatively large amplitude. A second type (166/323 – 51%) had spontaneous activity and responded tonically to light stimuli with impulses often of small amplitude. Most of the cells responded similarly to both spectral stimuli. A few (18/323 – 6%) responded strongly or exclusively to one or the other spectral stimulus and rarely in a spectrally opponent manner.

Conclusion

Most cells in murine striate cortex receive excitatory inputs from both UV- and M-cones. A small fraction shows either strong selectivity for one or the other cone mechanism and occasionally cone opponent responses. Cells that could underlie chromatic contrast detection are present but extremely rare in murine striate cortex.     

《材料力学》竞赛主要题型分析

在分析前五届全国力学竞赛中《材料力学》试题的基础上,对竞赛主要题型进行了总结,并给出了相应例题的解题方法和思路,最后指出了参赛大学生应具备的基本条件.     

全国高校力学类专业优秀本科毕业设计(论文)在线展示交流活动介绍

全国高校力学类专业优秀本科毕业设计（论文）在线展示交流活动由2018—2022年教育部高等学校力学类专业教学指导委员会自2020年开始举办,至今已成功举办两届。本文阐述了展示交流活动的组织形式、参评作品基本情况、活动主要特点、反映的问题与建议等。希望通过本文介绍,让各高校教师更加了解力学类专业部分优秀本科毕业设计（论文）的现状及展示交流活动的有关情况,为进一步提高力学类专业本科毕业设计（论文）的质量水平提供参考。

     

Journey from Small-Molecule Diyne Structures to 2D Graphdiyne: Synthetic Strategies

Graphdiyne (GDY) exhibits unique characteristics of a highly conjugated π system, evenly distributed nanopores, and a direct band gap. This has encouraged multidisciplinary research groups to investigate its application in energy conversion and storage, catalysts, electronic devices, sensing, and separation. Herein, the achievements of synthetic strategies for preparing small-molecule diyne structures (GDY substructure), 1D nanoribbons, and 2D GDY are presented. These studies may help future investigations into the basic structure-related properties of GDY and synthetic methodology for the future developments of GDY-related 2D carbon materials.     

Amorphous polymerization of nitrogen in compressed cupric azide

Metal azides have attracted increasing attention as precursors for synthesizing polymeric nitrogen. In this article, we report the amorphous polymerization of nitrogen by compressing cupric azide. The ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that crystalline cupric azide transforms into a disordered network composed of singly bonded nitrogen at a hydrostatic pressure of 40 GPa and room temperature. The transformation manifests the formation of a π delocalization along the disordered Cu-N network, thus resulting in a semiconductor–metal transition. The estimated heat of formation of the amorphous polymeric nitrogen system is comparable to conventional high-energy-density materials. The amorphization provides an alternative route to the polymerization of nitrogen under moderate conditions.