磁控溅射ZnO薄膜生长的等离子体发射光谱研究

通过反应磁控溅射过程中的等离子体发射光谱，研究了制备ZnO薄膜的沉积温度、氧气流量比例R=O₂/(O₂+Ar)对Zn和O原子发射光谱的影响，并结合ZnO薄膜的结构和物理性能，探讨了沉积温度在ZnO薄膜生长中的作用.研究结果显示：当R≥0.75%时， Zn的溅射产额随R的增加基本呈线性下降规律.当R介于10%—50%时，氧含量的变化相对平缓，有利于ZnO薄膜生长的稳定性控制.Zn原子发射光谱强度随沉积温度的变化可以分为三个阶段.当沉积温度低于250℃时，发射光谱强 关键词： ZnO 薄膜生长 反应磁控溅射 等离子体发射光谱     

利用杨辉三角形对称性推导高阶运动微分方程

利用Mathematica数学软件计算函数r=r(q(t),t)各变量之间偏导和高阶导数的关系，发现具有杨辉三角形对称性.结合杨辉三角形的对称性规律和牛顿第二定律推导出了高阶运动微分方程，并讨论了理想约束系统下的高阶运动微分方程. 关键词： 杨辉三角形 牛顿第二定律 高阶运动微分方程 高阶力变率 高阶速度能量 理想约束     

Analysis of Aperture Field of Circular Groove Guide Horn Antenna by Using FD-TD Method

This paper presents an instance of using FD-TD method to analyze the aperture field of circular groove guide horn antenna. This process is one part of a hybrid method to solve the radiation field of aperture antenna. To verify the calculated aperture field the radiation pattern is computed from it and compared with the measured one. Good agreement is reached.     

Quantum Cosmology in CGBD Theory

We apply the theory developed in quantum cosmology to a model of charged generalized Brans–Dicke gravity. This is a quantum model of gravitation interacting with a charged Brans–Dicke type scalar field which is considered in the Pauli frame. The Wheeler–DeWitt equation describing the evolution of the quantum Universe is solved in the semiclassical approximation by applying the WKB approximation. The wave function of the Universe is also obtained by applying both the Vilenkin-like and the Hartle–Hawking-like boundary conditions. We then make predictions from the wave functions and infer that the Vilenkin's boundary condition is more reasonable in the Brans–Dicke gravity models leading a large vacuum energy density at the beginning of the inflation.     

运动涡旋脉冲引起的光学畸变

 主要研究了气动噪声对光传输和成像的影响。流场求解采用法福尔平均N-S方程，并分别利用基于MUSCL格式的AUSMPW+分裂和二阶中心格式对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理；用四步四阶Runge-Kutta格式对方程进行时间推进求解，采用J-B两方程模型并经Sarkar方法进行可压缩修正后用于湍流的数值模拟。采用基于光学传递函数的物理光学方法分析平均流动和湍流对光质的影响。研究表明：涡脉冲在运动过程中会引起光束沿涡脉冲运动方向产生较大的整体偏折，偏折幅度随时间而变，最大偏折幅度可以达到1.7 μrad；在与涡脉冲运动的垂直方向，整体偏折基本可以忽略不记。在涡脉冲横穿光束的过程中，平均流动会导致焦平面光强峰值有两次下降，平均流动对光强重新分布的影响比湍流脉动影响更强。涡脉冲在运动过程中，先导致光束能量在与涡脉冲运动垂直的方向上扩散，随后使之在涡脉冲运动方向上向外转移。因能量向外扩散，导致Strehl比在0.9 s时刻降低到0.60左右。     

自旋轨道耦合引起的电偶极矩

文章介绍了由于自旋轨道耦合导致的电子的电偶极矩在自旋电子学理论中的基本意义.研究发现,该电偶极矩与自旋流张量的反对称部分直接相关.它不仅直接导致可观测的电磁学效应,而且与电子在电场受到的力以及力矩有关,从而为自旋的电子学操控提供了可能.     

Influence of the tangential velocity on the compressible Kelvin−Helmholtz instability with nonequilibrium effects

Kelvin−Helmholtz (KH) instability is a fundamental fluid instability that widely exists in nature and engineering. To better understand the dynamic process of the KH instability, the influence of the tangential velocity on the compressible KH instability is investigated by using the discrete Boltzmann method based on the nonequilibrium statistical physics. Both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic nonequilibrium (TNE) effects are probed and analyzed. It is found that, on the whole, the global density gradients, the TNE strength and area firstly increase and decrease afterwards. Both the global density gradient and heat flux intensity in the vertical direction are almost constant in the initial stage before a vortex forms. Moreover, with the increase of the tangential velocity, the KH instability evolves faster, hence the global density gradients, the TNE strength and area increase in the initial stage and achieve their peak earlier, and their maxima are higher for a larger tangential velocity. Physically, there are several competitive mechanisms in the evolution of the KH instability. (i) The physical gradients increase and the TNE effects are strengthened as the interface is elongated. The local physical gradients decrease and the local TNE intensity is weakened on account of the dissipation and/or diffusion. (ii) The global heat flux intensity is promoted when the physical gradients increase. As the contact area expands, the heat exchange is enhanced and the global heat flux intensity increases. (iii) The global TNE intensity reduces with the decreasing of physical gradients and increase with the increasing of TNE area. (iv) The nonequilibrium area increases as the fluid interface is elongated and is widened because of the dissipation and/or diffusion.     

An Edge Server Placement Method Based on Reinforcement Learning

In mobile edge computing systems, the edge server placement problem is mainly tackled as a multi-objective optimization problem and solved with mixed integer programming, heuristic or meta-heuristic algorithms, etc. These methods, however, have profound defect implications such as poor scalability, local optimal solutions, and parameter tuning difficulties. To overcome these defects, we propose a novel edge server placement algorithm based on deep q-network and reinforcement learning, dubbed DQN-ESPA, which can achieve optimal placements without relying on previous placement experience. In DQN-ESPA, the edge server placement problem is modeled as a Markov decision process, which is formalized with the state space, action space and reward function, and it is subsequently solved using a reinforcement learning algorithm. Experimental results using real datasets from Shanghai Telecom show that DQN-ESPA outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms such as simulated annealing placement algorithm (SAPA), Top-K placement algorithm (TKPA), K-Means placement algorithm (KMPA), and random placement algorithm (RPA). In particular, with a comprehensive consideration of access delay and workload balance, DQN-ESPA achieves up to 13.40% and 15.54% better placement performance for 100 and 300 edge servers respectively.     

Hotel Performance in the UK: The Role of Information Entropy in a Novel Slack-Based Data Envelopment Analysis

Previous hotel performance studies neglected the role of information entropy in feedback processes between input and output management. This paper focuses on this gap by exploring the relationship between hotel performance at the industry level and the capability of learning by doing and adopting best practices using a sample of 153 UK hotels over a 10-year period between 2008–2017. Besides, this research also fills a literature gap by addressing the issues of measuring hotel performance in light of negative outputs. In order to achieve this, we apply a novel Modified slack-based model for the efficiency analysis and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator to examine the influence of entropy related variable on efficiency score. The Results indicate that less can be learnt from inputs than from outputs to improve efficiency levels and resource allocation is more balanced than cash flow and liquidity. The findings suggest that market dynamics explains the cash flow generation potential and liquidity. We find that market conditions are increasingly offering the opportunities for learning and improving hotel efficiency. The results report that the distinctive characteristic of superior performance in hotel operations is the capability to match the cash flow generation potential with market opportunities.     

HL-2M 磁体系统安装中的定位与测量

为提高磁体系统安装精度,在 HL-2M 集成大厅建立 63 个基准点构成测量基准网,并利用激光跟 踪仪等高精度测量设备建立每个磁体的局部坐标系,测量特征点的局部坐标;基于测量基准网和公共测量点,采 用最佳拟合得到坐标转换矩阵,以此得到特征点在测量基准网的位置,指导磁体安装。完成安装后的中心柱同支 撑基础的同轴度为∅2.03mm;PF1~PF4 线圈安装标高偏差为±0.5mm,与中心柱的同轴度为∅2.60mm;PF5/6/7/8 线圈与中心柱的同轴度偏差小于∅3.00mm,标高偏差在[−1mm, 1mm]区间内。基于以上方法所得到的线圈安装精 度都满足设计需求。