Sputtering angle effects by Kr mixing in N+ ion beam on the lifetime of nitrided carbon stripper foils

Nitrided carbon stripper (NCS) foils with high nitrogen content were produced by ion beam sputtering of reactive nitrogen gas. Such foils seem to be very useful as strippers in high-intensity heavy ion accelerators. We have conducted comprehensive research, development, and production of such foils with high reproducibility. Krypton, a heavy noble gas, was mixed with the reaction nitrogen gas (IBSRN) in the ion beam sputtering process to produce stripper foils with short sputtering deposition time and long lifetimes in the high intensity ion beam irradiation. With the (N₂ + Kr) mixed gas ions we investigated the influence of different sputtering angles (α) on the lifetime of the NCS-foils in case of poly-graphite material. The lifetime measurement of these foils of 20 ± 5 μg/cm² was performed with a 3.2 MeV Ne⁺ ion beam as usual. The foils made at a sputtering angle of 15° showed a maximum of 11.0 and 7.5  C/cm² average charge density, respectively, which corresponded to about 275 and 187 times the lifetime of the best commercially available foils.     

Observation of two resonant structures in e+ e- -->pi+ pi- psi(2S) via initial-state radiation at Belle

The cross section for e+ e- --> pi+ pi- psi(2S) between threshold and sqrt[s]=5.5 GeV is measured using 673 fb(-1) of data on and off the Upsilon(4S) resonance collected with the Belle detector at KEKB. Two resonant structures are observed in the pi+ pi- psi(2S) invariant-mass distribution, one at 4361 +/- 9 +/- 9 MeV/c2 with a width of 74 +/- 15 +/- 10 MeV/c2, and another at 4664 +/- 11 +/- 5 MeV/c2 with a width of 48 +/- 15 +/- 3 MeV/c2, if the mass spectrum is parametrized with the coherent sum of two Breit-Wigner functions. These values do not match those of any of the known charmonium states.     

Measurement of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-type flavor entanglement in Upsilon(4S) --> B0 B0 decays

The neutral B meson pair produced at the Upsilon(4S) should exhibit a nonlocal correlation of the type discussed by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen. We measure this correlation using the time-dependent flavor asymmetry of semileptonic B(0) decays, which we compare with predictions from quantum mechanics and two local realistic models. The data are consistent with quantum mechanics, and inconsistent with the other models. Assuming that some B pairs disentangle to produce B(0) and B(0) with definite flavor, we find a decoherent fraction of 0.029 +/ -0.057, consistent with no decoherence.     

Measurements of branching fractions for B --> K pi and B --> pi pi decays

We report measurements of branching fractions for B --> K pi and B --> pi pi decays based on a data sample of 449 x 10(6) BB[over] pairs collected at the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e(+)e(-) collider. We also measure the ratios of partial widths for B-->Kpi decays, namely R(c) identical with 2Gamma(B(+) --> K(+) pi(0))/Gamma(B(+) --> K(0) pi(+)) = 1.08+/-0.06+/-0.08 and R(n) identical with Gamma(B(0) --> K(+) pi(-))/2 Gamma(B(0) --> K(0) pi(0)) = 1.08+/-0.08+/-0.08, where the first and the second errors are statistical and systematic, respectively. These ratios are sensitive to enhanced electroweak penguin contributions from new physics; the new measurements are, however, consistent with standard model expectations.     

Observation of a charmoniumlike state produced in association with a J/psi in e+e- annihilation at sqrt[s] approximately equal to 10.6 GeV

We report the first observation of a charmoniumlike state recoiling from the J/psi in the inclusive process e+e- -->J/psi+anything at a mass of (3.943+/-0.006+/-0.006) GeV/c{2}. We also observe the decay of this state into D*D[over ] and determine its intrinsic width to be less than 52 MeV/c{2} at the 90% C.L. These results are obtained from a 357 fb{-1} data sample collected with the Belle detector near the Upsilon(4S) resonance, at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e- collider.     

Exciton transfer between localized states in ZnO quantum well structures

The dynamics of photocreated excitons in a CdZnO/MgZnO quantum well (QW) was studied by comparing the experimental photoluminescence (PL) data with the results of Monte Carlo simulations of the exciton hopping. The temperature-dependent PL linewidth was found to be in reasonable agreement with the model of exciton hopping, with an additional inhomogeneous broadening (Γ) accounted for. The simulation analysis revealed fluctuations of the band potential to be 20 meV with an additional inhomogeneous broadening of , and a crossover from a non-thermalized to thermalized exciton energy distribution at about 100 K. In addition, a Bose–Einstein distribution like temperature dependence of the exciton energy in the wells was extracted using the data on the PL peak position.     

Self‐Replication and Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess of Chiral Multifunctionalized Large Molecules by Asymmetric Autocatalysis

Self‐replication of large chiral molecular architectures is one of the great challenges and interests in synthetic, systems, and prebiotic chemistry. Described herein is a new chemical system in which large chiral multifunctionalized molecules possess asymmetric autocatalytic self‐replicating and self‐improving abilities, that is, improvement of their enantioenrichment in addition to the diastereomeric ratio. The large chiral multifunctionalized molecules catalyze the production of themselves with the same structure, including the chirality of newly formed asymmetric carbon atoms, in the reaction of the corresponding achiral aldehydes and reagent. The chirality of the large multifunctionalized molecules controlled the enantioselectivity of the reaction in a highly selective manner to construct multiple asymmetric stereogenic centers in a single reaction.     

Copper‐Free Huisgen Cycloaddition for the 14‐3‐3‐Templated Synthesis of Fusicoccin‐Peptide Conjugates

Mid‐sized molecules have emerged as an attractive chemical space and potentially provide a robust basis for the development of synthetic agents to control intracellular protein interactions. However, the limited cell permeability and chemical tractability of such agents remain to be addressed. We envisioned that target‐templated synthesis of such mid‐sized molecules might provide a solution. Here, we exploited a copper‐free Huisgen cycloaddition for template synthesis using a peptide fragment containing a 4,8‐diazacyclononyne (DACN) moiety and an azide‐containing fusicoccin derivative in the presence or absence of recombinant 14‐3‐3ζ protein in vitro. Time‐course changes in the yield of products demonstrated that the reaction was accelerated in the presence of 14‐3‐3 and one of the regioisomers was generated predominantly, supporting the template effect.     

Removal of phosphate by aluminum oxide hydroxide

The development and manufacture of an adsorbent to remove phosphate ion for the prevention of eutrophication in lakes are very important. The characteristics of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide were investigated to estimate the adsorption isotherms, the rate of adsorption, and the selectivity of adsorption. Phosphate was easily adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide, because of the hydroxyl groups. The adsorption of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was influenced by pH in solution: the amount adsorbed was greatest at pH 4, ranging with pH from 2 to 9. The optimum pH for phosphate removal by aluminum oxide hydroxide is 4. The selectivity of phosphate adsorption onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was evaluated based on the amount of phosphate ion adsorbed onto aluminum oxide hydroxide from several anion complex solutions. It is phosphate that aluminum oxide hydroxide can selectively adsorb. The selectivity of phosphate onto aluminum oxide hydroxide was about 7000 times that of chloride. This result indicated that the hydroxyl groups on aluminum oxide hydroxide have selective adsorptivity for phosphate and could be used for the removal of phosphate from seawater.