Electrical interaction between two cylinders with an ion-penetrable charged membrane in an oil/water interface

The electrical interaction between two long, parallel cylinders each is covered by an ion-penetrable charged membrane immersed in an oil/water interface is investigated. The effects of contact angle, radius of cylinder, and membrane thickness on the electrical interaction force are examined. The results of numerical simulation reveal that the following conditions lead to a greater electrical interaction force: (i) a larger contact angle, i.e. a larger fraction of a cylinder in the oil phase; (ii) a larger cylinder radius; and (iii) a thinner membrane. For a fixed ionic strength, the electrical interaction force is insensible to the type of electrolytes in the water phase, in general. However, if two cylinders are close enough, then the higher the valence of counterions the greater the electrical interaction force.     

多极板电流变阀应用于避震器之研究

以流动模式（flow mode)多极板之电流变阀（electrorheological valve)进行避震器阻尼力特性的研究。由于电极板的大小直接影响到流体流动的剪力及避雷器的阻尼力,因此使用多极板型式来探讨避震器的特性。设计有1－5个流道之并联及1－3个流道之串联多极板电流变阀的电流变避震器,并使用自制的电流变液进行实验。由研究结果显示,流动式并联极板之电流变避震器,一个流道之阻尼力最大,流道极板增加则阻尼力反而下降,而流动式串联多极板之电流变避震器之阻尼力则随极板数递增,故需要高阻尼力之避震器较适合使用串联多极板型式。     

Synthesis of Iso-condensed Heteroaromatic Pyrroles and Their Application in the Preparation of Conducting Polymers

Iso-condensed heteroaromatic pyrroles 1 are 10 -electron aromatic compounds. They are of interest from both theoretical and synthetic points of view. They are the cyclic analogues of heteroaromatic ortho-quinodimethanes 2, and can react with dienophiles in a Diels-Alder reaction to give the synthetically useful cycloadducts 3. Many of them are also of potential pharmaceutical importance because they are isosteric with indoles. Iso-condensed heteroaromatic pyrroles 1 can be used also as the monomers for the synthesis of new conducting polymers 5 with special properties and characteristics. However, the methods for the efficient preparation of the iso-condensed heteroaromatic pyrroles are quite limited. Iso-condensed heteroaromatic pyrroles are generally unstable in acidic conditions and are easily oxidized by air. In our laboratories, we developed three methods for the preparation of this labile heterocyclic ring system under acidic, neutral, and basic conditions.1 Synthesis of the conjugated systems such as 6 for OLED applications will also be discussed.     

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SnO2/Pt prepared by the sol-gel method

This investigation compares the photodegradation performance of C.I. Reactive Red 2 (RR2) in single- and coupled-photocatalyst systems. The photocatalysts were produced via the sol-gel method. PEG and Pt addition increases the decolorization rate (1.6–2.12 h⁻¹), the amount of sulfate released and the DOC reduction percentage in coupled photocatalyst systems the cause of PEG improving the homogeneity of the final product and incorporating Pt into the lattice reduced the band gap of photocatalysts.     

Trace determination of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using liquid chromatography with on-line electrochemical reduction and fluorescence detection

An efficient clean-up procedure coupled with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with on-line electrochemical (EC) reduction and fluorescence detection (FLD) was developed to quantify nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in the airborne particulate. In this process, NPAHs were extracted ultrasonically followed by analysis by using a reversed phase column with an aqueous eluent containing 70% aqueous acetonitrile and sodium monocholoroacetate as a buffer solution. The extraction efficiencies were above 83% for 1-nitropyrene and 1,3-dinitropyrene (1,3-DNP) 1,6-DNP, and 1,8-DNP, and calibration graphs were linear with very good correlation coefficients (r>0.999) and the detection limits were in the range of 1.0-2.2 pg for dinitropyrenes and nitropyrene. The proposed method provides a relatively simple and convenient procedure for determining the NPAHs samples in airborne particulate.     

应力对La0.83Sr0.17MnO3薄膜输运性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法在Si(111)上制备了LSMO(x=0.17)薄膜.研究了块体材料和不同厚度薄膜R -T曲线、红外光谱和X射线衍射.结果表明，LSMO薄膜属于正交晶体结构，薄膜取向与膜厚度 有关，当膜厚度为450nm或680nm时，主要取向〈200〉，而膜厚度为900nm时取向为〈020〉 ：根据离子对相互作用能和谐振子模型，得到了红外吸收与Mn—O—Mn键长和键角关系式，6 00cm^-1附近红外吸收与晶格常数b的变化有关；块体与薄膜的金属—绝缘体转变 温度(T_MI)存在较大差别，薄膜转变温度显著低于块体，并与厚度有一定关系. 认为是LSMO薄膜中的应力诱导了晶格常数变化，引起键角改变及JT效应是转变温度变化的主 要原因. 关键词： 单晶硅 晶格常数 金属—绝缘体转变温度 应力诱导     

Photoinduced Copper‐Catalyzed Regioselective Synthesis of Indoles: Three‐Component Coupling of Arylamines,Terminal Alkynes,and Quinones

The first successful example of a visible‐light‐induced copper‐catalyzed process for C? H annulation of arylamines with terminal alkynes and benzoquinone is described. This three‐component reaction allows use of a variety of commercial terminal alkynes as coupling partners for the one‐step regioselective synthesis of functionalized indoles. Moreover, the current process represents a sustainable and atom‐economical approach for the preparation of complex indoles from easily accessible starting materials under visible‐light irradiation, without the need for expensive metals and harsh reaction conditions.     

A Bayesian analysis for the seismic data on Taiwan

A Bayesian approach is used to analyze the seismic events with magnitudes at least 4.7 on Taiwan. Following the idea proposed by Ogata (1988,Journal of the American Statistical Association,83, 9–27), an epidemic model for the process of occurrence times given the observed magnitude values is considered, incorporated with gamma prior distributions for the parameters in the model, while the hyper-parameters of the prior are essentially determined by the seismic data in an earlier period. Bayesian inference is made on the conditional intensity function via Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The results yield acceptable accuracies in predicting large earthquake events within short time periods.     

Optimization of microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell isolation processing parameters using ultraviolet laser

This study used ultraviolet laser to perform the microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell isolation scribing process, and applied the Taguchi method and an L₁₈ orthogonal array to plan the experiment. The isolation scribing materials included ZnO:Al, AZO transparent conductive film with a thickness of 200 nm, microcrystalline silicon thin film at 38% crystallinity and of thickness of 500 nm, and the aluminum back contact layer with a thickness of 300 nm. The main objective was to ensure the success of isolation scribing. After laser scribing isolation, using the minimum scribing line width, the flattest trough bottom, and the minimum processing edge surface bumps as the quality characteristics, this study performed main effect analysis and applied the ANOVA (analysis of variance) theory of the Taguchi method to identify the single quality optimal parameter. It then employed the hierarchical structure of the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) theory to establish the positive contrast matrix. After consistency verification, global weight calculation, and priority sequencing, the optimal multi-attribute parameters were obtained. Finally, the experimental results were verified by a Taguchi confirmation experiment and confidence interval calculation. The minimum scribing line width of AZO (200 nm) was 45.6 μm, the minimum scribing line width of the microcrystalline silicon (at 38% crystallinity) was 50.63 μm and the minimum line width of the aluminum thin film (300 nm) was 30.96 μm. The confirmation experiment results were within the 95% confidence interval, verifying that using ultraviolet laser in the isolation scribing process for microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cell has high reproducibility.     

Mackay,Anti-Mackay,Double-Mackay,Pseudo-Mackay,and Related Icosahedral Shell Clusters

Mackay introduced two important crystallographic concepts in a short paper published 40 years ago. One is the icosahedral shell structure (iss) consisting of concentric icosahedra displaying fivefold rotational symmetry. The number of atoms contained within these icosahedral shells and subshells agrees well with the magic numbers in rare gas clusters, (C₆₀) _N molecules, and some metal clusters determined by mass spectroscopy or simulated on energy considerations. The cluster of 55 atoms within the second icosahedral shell occurs frequently and has been called Mackay icosahedron, or simply MI, which occurs not only in various clusters, but also in intermetallic compounds and quasicrystals. The second concept is the hierarchic icosahedral structures caused by the presence of a stacking fault in the fcc packing of the successive triangular faces in the iss. For instance, a fault occurs after the ABC layers resulting an ABCB packing. This is, in fact, a hierarchic icosahedral structure of a core icosahedron connected to 12 outer icosahedra by vertex sharing, or an icosahedron of icosahedra (double MI. Contrary to Mackay's iss, a faulted hierarchic icosahedral shell is, in fact, a twinlike face capping of the underlying triangles; it is, therefore, called an anti-Mackay cluster. The hierarchic icosahedral structure in an Al-Mn-Pd icosahedral quasicrystal has a core of body-centered cube rather than an icosahedron and, therefore, is called a pseudo-Mackay cluster. The hierarchic icosahedral structures have been studied separately in the past in the fields of clusters, nanoparticles, intermetallic compounds, and quasicrystals, but the underlying geometry should be the same. In the following a unified geometrical analysis is presented.