全文获取类型
收费全文 | 97146篇 |
免费 | 3231篇 |
国内免费 | 3679篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 39684篇 |
晶体学 | 1057篇 |
力学 | 7558篇 |
综合类 | 226篇 |
数学 | 33867篇 |
物理学 | 21664篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 63篇 |
2023年 | 356篇 |
2022年 | 662篇 |
2021年 | 769篇 |
2020年 | 778篇 |
2019年 | 774篇 |
2018年 | 10950篇 |
2017年 | 10803篇 |
2016年 | 6895篇 |
2015年 | 1786篇 |
2014年 | 1511篇 |
2013年 | 1894篇 |
2012年 | 5516篇 |
2011年 | 12266篇 |
2010年 | 6961篇 |
2009年 | 7229篇 |
2008年 | 7998篇 |
2007年 | 10007篇 |
2006年 | 1404篇 |
2005年 | 2241篇 |
2004年 | 2295篇 |
2003年 | 2588篇 |
2002年 | 1588篇 |
2001年 | 787篇 |
2000年 | 741篇 |
1999年 | 547篇 |
1998年 | 486篇 |
1997年 | 366篇 |
1996年 | 447篇 |
1995年 | 337篇 |
1994年 | 251篇 |
1993年 | 234篇 |
1992年 | 181篇 |
1991年 | 179篇 |
1990年 | 184篇 |
1989年 | 137篇 |
1988年 | 130篇 |
1987年 | 104篇 |
1986年 | 109篇 |
1985年 | 88篇 |
1984年 | 78篇 |
1983年 | 68篇 |
1982年 | 63篇 |
1981年 | 54篇 |
1980年 | 59篇 |
1979年 | 69篇 |
1978年 | 50篇 |
1973年 | 41篇 |
1914年 | 45篇 |
1909年 | 41篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Using the multipoles method, we formulate the problems of radiation (both heave and sway) of water waves by a submerged sphere
in deep as well as in uniform finite depth water with an ice-cover, with the ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate
of very small thickness. In each case this leads to an infinite system of linear equations which are solved numerically by
standard techniques. The added-mass and damping coefficients for a heaving and swaying sphere are obtained and depicted graphically
against the wave number for various values of the radius of the submerged sphere and flexural rigidity of the ice-cover to
show the effect of the presence of ice-cover on these quantities. When the flexural rigidity is taken to be zero, the numerical
results for the added-mass and damping coefficient for water with a free surface are recovered. 相似文献
32.
Alexander Linkov Liliana Rybarska-Rusinek 《Archive of Applied Mechanics (Ingenieur Archiv)》2008,78(10):821-831
The paper presents a general method to find asymptotics for a (multi-)wedge system containing a thin wedge. It employs separation
of the symmetric and anti-symmetric parts of the boundary displacements and tractions of the wedge. The method is applicable
when the angle of the thin wedge turns to zero. A physical interpretation of the derived equations is obtained by using power
expansions of non-polynomial functions, which appear after the Mellin transform. We establish that the first term in the expansion
of the symmetric part corresponds to shear, while the first term of the anti-symmetric part describes deflection of the wedge
axis. Numerical experiments, performed by using a code developed on the basis of the theory, show that using only the first
terms of the expansions insignificantly influence accuracy: the approximate results coincide with the exact values of roots
to the third significant digit even for the wedge angle of 30°. 相似文献
33.
Jin Sun Yihu Song Qiang Zheng Hong Tan Jie Yu Hong Li 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2007,45(18):2594-2602
The reinforcement and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior have been investigated for silica (SiO2) filled solution‐polymerized styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR). Experimental results reveal that the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of the filled rubber is similar to that of unfilled SSBR, which is inconsistent with the general concept that this characteristic comes from the breakdown and reformation of the filler network. It is interesting that the curves of either dynamic storage modulus (G′) or loss tangent (tan δ) versus strain amplitude (γ) for the filled rubber can be superposed, respectively, on those for the unfilled one, suggesting that the primary mechanism for the Payne effect is mainly involved in the nature of the entanglement network in rubbery matrix. It is believed there exists a cooperation between the breakdown and reformation of the filler network and the molecular disentanglement, resulting in enhancing the Payne effect and improving the mechanical hysteresis at high strain amplitudes. Moreover, the vertical and the horizontal shift factors for constructing the master curves could be well understood on the basis of the reinforcement factor f(φ) and the strain amplification factor A(φ), respectively. The surface modification of SiO2 causes a decrease in f(φ), which is ascribed to weakeness of the filler–filler interaction and improvement of the filler dispersion. However, the surface nature of SiO2 hardly affects A(φ). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2594‐2602, 2007 相似文献
34.
Ying Lung-an 《Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations》1991,7(4):317-338
A viscosity-splitting scheme for the initial boundary value problems of the Navier-Stokes equations is considered. In the scheme, the Stokes equation is solved in conjunction with a nonhomogeneous boundary condition which connects the tangent flow with a no-slip flow. Convergence is proved. 相似文献
35.
Kan‐Yi Pu Yi Chen Xiao‐Ying Qi Chun‐Yang Qin Qing‐Quan Chen Hong‐Yu Wang Yun Deng Qu‐Li Fan Yan‐Qin Huang Shu‐Juan Liu Wei Wei Bo Peng Wei Huang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(16):3776-3787
In this contribution, we demonstrate a new effective methodology for constructing highly efficient and durable poly(p‐phenyleneethynylene) (PPE) containing emissive material with nonaggregating and hole‐facilitating properties through the introduction of hole‐transporting blocks into the PPE system as the grafting coils as well as building the energy donor–acceptor architecture between the grafting coils and the PPE backbone. Poly(2‐(carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl methacrylate) (PCzEMA), herein, is chosen as the hole‐transporting blocks, and incorporated into the PPE system as the grafting coils via atom transfer radical polymerization. The chemical structure of the resultant copolymer, PPE‐g‐PCzEMA, was characterized by NMR and gel permeation chromatography, showing that the desirable copolymer was obtained with the narrow polydispersity. The increased thermal stability of PPE‐g‐PCzEMA was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry along with its macroinitiator. The optoelectronic properties of this copolymer were studied in detail by ultraviolet‐visible absorption, photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra, and cyclic voltammogram (CV). The results indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA exhibits the solid‐state luminescent property dominated by individual lumophores, and also the energy transfer process from the PCzEMA blocks to the PPE backbone with a relatively higher energy transfer efficiency in the solid‐state compared to that of the solution state. Additionally, the hole‐injection property is greatly facilitated due to the presence of PCzEMA, as confirmed by CV profiles. All these data indicate that PPE‐g‐PCzEMA is a good candidate for use in optoelectronic devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3776–3787, 2007 相似文献
36.
37.
Ying‐Ling Liu Chia‐Yun Hsieh 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(2):905-913
Crosslinked polymeric materials, which exhibit thermal remendability and removability through Diels–Alder (DA) and retro‐DA reactions, were obtained from using multifunctional maleimide and furan compounds as monomers. The synthesized monomers possess low melting points and good solubility in organo solvents to show excellent processing properties. The performance of DA and retro‐DA reactions were demonstrated with DSC and FTIR measurements. High performance of thermal remendablility and removability of the crosslinked materials were observed with SEM and solvent tests. These materials were applicable in advanced encapsulants and structural materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 905–913, 2006 相似文献
38.
Ying‐Hung So Pamela Foster Jang‐Hi Im Philip Garrou Jack Hetzner Edmund Stark Kayla Baranek 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(5):1591-1599
Divinylsiloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (DVS‐bisBCB) polymer has very low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, good thermal stability, and high chemical resistance. The fracture toughness of the thermoset polymer is moderate due to its high crosslink density. A thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer, was incorporated into the matrix to enhance its toughness. The cured thermoset matrix showed different morphology when the elastomer was added to the B‐staged prepolymer or when the elastomer was B‐staged with the DVS‐bisBCB monomer. Small and uniformly distributed elastomer domains were detected by transmission electron micrographs (TEM) in the former case, but TEM did not detect a separate domain in the latter case. A high percentage of the polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer could be incorporated into the DVS‐bisBCB thermoset matrix by B‐staging the triblock copolymer with the BCB monomer. The elastomer increased the fracture toughness of DVS‐bisBCB polymer as indicated by enhanced elongation at break and increased K1c values obtained by the modified edge‐lift‐off test. Elastomer modified DVS‐bisBCB maintained excellent electrical properties, high Tg and good thermal stability, but showed higher coefficient of linear thermal expansion values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1591–1599, 2006 相似文献
39.
Ying Chen Anita E. Tavakley Tate M. Mathiason T. Andrew Taton 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(8):2604-2614
Photocrosslinkable poly(vinylbenzophenone)‐containing polymers were synthesized via a one‐step, Friedel–Crafts benzoylation of polystyrene‐containing starting materials [including polystyrene, polystyrene‐block‐poly(tert‐butyl acrylate), polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide), polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate), and polystyrene‐block‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)] with benzoyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as a benzoylation reagent. The use of this mild reagent (which required no added Lewis acid) permitted polymers with well‐defined compositions and narrow molecular weight distributions to be synthesized. Micelles formed from one of these benzoylated polymers, [polystyrene0.25‐co‐poly(vinylbenzophenone)0.75]115‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)14, were then fixed by the irradiation of the micelle cores with UV light. As the irradiation time was increased, the pendent benzophenone groups crosslinked with other chains in the glassy micelle cores. Dynamic light scattering, spectrofluorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were all used to verify the progress of the crosslinking reaction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2604–2614, 2006 相似文献
40.
Zhicheng Xiao Ying Li Dongling Ma Linda S. Schadler Yvonne A. Akpalu 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(7):1084-1095
Small‐angle light scattering (SALS) measurements were used to study the structure of titanium dioxide (TiO2)/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites. The results showed that the scattering from LDPE crystalline structures and the scattering from TiO2 nanoparticles can be resolved and separated. It is shown that the independent effects of crystallization conditions and the presence of nanoparticle aggregates on the spherulitic structure of the LDPE matrix can be determined by analyzing the scattering patterns using the methods proposed. From the SALS results, we conclude that the nanoparticle surface chemistry affects both nucleation of spherulites and their structure particularly under rapid cooling conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1084–1095, 2006 相似文献