Quantum teleportation of a polarization state with a complete bell state measurement

We report a quantum teleportation experiment in which nonlinear interactions are used for the Bell state measurements. The experimental results demonstrate the working principle of irreversibly teleporting an unknown arbitrary polarization state from one system to another distant system by disassembling into and then later reconstructing from purely classical information and nonclassical EPR correlations. The distinct feature of this experiment is that all four Bell states can be distinguished in the Bell state measurement. Teleportation of a polarization state can thus occur with certainty in principle.     

Dynamic soliton-like modes

Incoherent optical spatial solitons require noninstantaneous nonlinearity, i.e., the local intensity fluctuation of the solitons must be faster than the medium can respond. Observing partially incoherent bicomponent solitons, we find that there exists a threshold speed. When the fluctuation of the soliton intensity, resulting from the time-varying interference of its constituent modes, is below the threshold, the soliton beam and its induced waveguide oscillate violently. Just above the threshold, the soliton-induced waveguide is observed to be dragged by the soliton beam.     

Silicon nanowires synthesized by vapor–liquid–solid growth on excimer laser annealed thin gold film

The fabrication of Si nanowires has been demonstrated using excimer laser annealed thin gold film as the catalyst and vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) growth. Au nanoparticles with mean diameters of 12, 13 and 15 nm were formed by excimer laser annealing (ELA) of Au film with thickness of 2.5, 5 and 10 nm, respectively. The results show that the silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with desired diameter can be obtained by controlling the Au film thickness and laser power density.     

Solidification of a Liquid Super-Eutectic Binary Alloy in an Enclosure with a Slanted Side Cooling Wall

Abstract

This study considers the effect of a slanted side cooling wall that has varying inclination angles on the development of thermosolutal convection during the solidification of a super-eutectic aqueous ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl-H₂O) solution. The shadowgraph and particle image velocimetry techniques were employed to observe the flow development and measure the flow velocity during solidification. The transient temperature distribution within the test cell was also measured by type-T thermocouples. Experimental results reveal that a more slanted side cooling wall accelerated the “filling-box” process, thus it could cause more serious A-segregates and material defects in the solidified ingot.     

On-line concentration sample stacking coupled with water-in-oil microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography

This study describes for the first time, the ability of a normal stacking mode (NSM) on-line concentration step coupled with water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC), using six common penicillin antibiotics (oxacillin, penicillin V, penicillin G, nafcillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin) as test analytes. Optimization of penicillin separation in the conventional W/O MEEKC system demonstrated that change in the type and concentration of the oil phase (1-butanol) and column temperature had a pronounced effect on the separation. With the subsequent development of the NSM coupled with W/O MEEKC, improved separation and detection sensitivities were observed when an organic solvent plug (1-propanol; 1.04 cm) was placed between the W/O microemulsion and the sample solutions. This could be attributed to the solution viscosity difference between the aqueous sample zone and the organic solvent plug causing the penicillin to be stacked in this 1-propanol plug. The optimal NSM W/O MEEKC provided about 12-fold increase in detection sensitivity compared with conventional sample injection (50 mbar, 3 s). Finally, this proposed method was successfully applied in the analyses of several food samples (porcine organs) spiked with penicillin.     

Feature extraction using molecular planes for fuzzy relational clustering of a flexible dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Six rigid-body parameters (Shift, Slide, Rise, Tilt, Roll, Twist) are commonly used to describe the relative displacement and orientation of successive base pairs in a nucleic acid structure. The present work adapts this approach to describe the relative displacement and orientation of any two planes in an arbitrary molecule-specifically, planes which contain important pharmacophore elements. Relevant code from the 3DNA software package (Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31, 5108-5121) was generalized to treat molecular fragments other than DNA bases as input for the calculation of the corresponding rigid-body (or "planes") parameters. These parameters were used to construct feature vectors for a fuzzy relational clustering study of over 700 conformations of a flexible analogue of the dopamine reuptake inhibitor, GBR 12909. Several cluster validity measures were used to determine the optimal number of clusters. Translational (Shift, Slide, Rise) rather than rotational (Tilt, Roll, Twist) features dominate clustering based on planes that are relatively far apart, whereas both types of features are important to clustering when the pair of planes are close by. This approach was able to classify the data set of molecular conformations into groups and to identify representative conformers for use as template conformers in future Comparative Molecular Field Analysis studies of GBR 12909 analogues. The advantage of using the planes parameters, rather than the combination of atomic coordinates and angles between molecular planes used in our previous fuzzy relational clustering of the same data set (J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2005, 45, 610-623), is that the present clustering results are independent of molecular superposition and the technique is able to identify clusters in the molecule considered as a whole. This approach is easily generalizable to any two planes in any molecule.