Palladium-catalyzed intermolecular coupling of aryl halides and amides

[formula: see text] The first general intermolecular C-N bond-forming reactions between aryl halides and amides were realized using a palladium catalyst with Xantphos as the ligand. Aryl triflates, carbamates, and sulfonamides are also viable substrates for the amidations, which proceed at 45-110 degrees C with 1-4 mol% of Pd catalyst in 66-99% yields and exhibit good functional group compatibility.     

The Aggregation Kinetics of Colloidal Particles of Basic Yttrium Carbonate

Studyofthegrowthprocessofcolloidalparticlesofnonequilibriumandirreversibilityisanactiveareaofresearch.Therecognitionofcolloidalaggregatesasfractalobjectshasinspiredalargenumberofexperimentalandtheoreticalstudiesonthestructuralandkineticaspectsofaggregationprocesses"'.Morerecently,kineticsofhematiteaggregationbypolyacrylicacidhavebeenstudiedbyzhangandBume3.Theprimaryhematiteparticleswerequiteuniformandfairlyspherical.Inthispaper,wewillreportthesizeevolutionoffractalaggregatesofinitiallypolydis…     

Copper oxide nanocrystals

It is well-known that inorganic nanocrystals are a benchmark model for nanotechnology, given that the tunability of optical properties and the stabilization of specific phases are uniquely possible at the nanoscale. Copper (I) oxide (Cu(2)O) is a metal oxide semiconductor with promising applications in solar energy conversion and catalysis. To understand the Cu/Cu(2)O/CuO system at the nanoscale, we have developed a method for preparing highly uniform monodisperse nanocrystals of Cu(2)O. The procedure also serves to demonstrate our development of a generalized method for the synthesis of transition metal oxide nanocrystals. Cu nanocrystals are initially formed and subsequently oxidized to form highly crystalline Cu(2)O. The volume change during phase transformation can induce crystal twinning. Absorption in the visible region of the spectrum gave evidence for the presence of a thin, epitaxial layer of CuO, which is blue-shifted, and appears to increase in energy as a function of decreasing particle size. XPS confirmed the thin layer of CuO, calculated to have a thickness of approximately 5 A. We note that the copper (I) oxide phase is surprisingly well-stabilized at this length scale.     

Electron momentum spectroscopy of CF2Cl2: experimental and theoretical momentum profiles for outer valence orbitals

Electron momentum distributions for outer valence orbitals of CF2Cl2 have been obtained by (e,2e) electron momentum spectroscopy at an incident energy of 1200 eV + binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles are compared with Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-31G and 6-311+G* basis sets. Generally, the shapes of the experimental momentum profiles are well reproduced by DFT calculations using larger basis sets 6-311 + G*. An attempt has been made to clarify the ordering of the outer valence orbitals, which have been in controversy, by comparing experimental results with B3LYP/6-311 + G* calculations.     

气溶胶前向散射大气能见度测量系统传递系数的标定及校准方法

分析了气溶胶的前向角散射特性,利用标准的大气透射仪标定前向散射大气能见度测量系统的传递系数。当系统结构发生变化时,传递系数也随之改变,为保证系统测量的准确性和简化系统传递系数的标定过程,提出了一种利用标准漫透射板校准系统传递系数的方法。该方法使用了两块具有相同透射系数的漫透射板,使气溶胶粒子团在前向半球上产生漫散射,此时探测器的测量值即为包含了仪器常数的定值。当系统结构改变时,这个测量值相对于原测量值的变化率作为比例系数代入系统传递系数的计算,实现校准。     

N-Butyrylated Hyaluronic Acid Achieves Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vitro and in Adjuvant-Induced Immune Activation in Rats

Previously synthesized N-butyrylated hyaluronic acid (BHA) provides anti-inflammatory effects in rat models of acute gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia. However, the mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Herein, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of BHA and the targeted signaling pathways were explored with LPS-induced RAW264.7 and an adjuvant-induced inflammation in a rat model. Results indicated that BHA inhibited the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6, reduced ROS production and down-regulated JAK1-STAT1/3 signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW264.7. In vivo, BHA alleviated paw and joint swelling, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in paw tissues, suppressed gene expressions of p38 and p65, down-regulated the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and reduced protein levels of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in joint tissues of arthritis rats. This study demonstrated the pivotal role of BHA in anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation, suggesting the potential clinical value of BHA in the prevention of inflammatory arthritis and is worthy for development as a new pharmacological treatment.     

Metal-organic framework derived NiCoP hollow polyhedrons electrocatalyst for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction

Hollow nanostructures have attracted increasing research interest in hydrogen evolution reaction owing to their unique structural features.Herein,Ni-Co mixed metal phosphide hollow and porous polyhedrons was successfully composited(expressed as NiCoP).Benefiting from the synergistic effects of ZIF-67 by doping Ni elements and the well-defined hollow and porous structure,the as-synthesized NiCoP hollow and porous polyhedrons exhibit better electrochemical properties and mechanical stability for hydrogen evolution reaction over a pH-universal range,with a small Tafel slopes of 72,101,176 mV/dec,and a low overpotential of 82,102,261 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm² in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄,1 mol/L KOH and1 mol/L phosphate buffer solution(PBS).This general strategy can also be applied to fabricate other hollow cobalt-based phosphides and MOFs-derived materials for HER.     

Detoxified pneumolysin derivative ΔA146Ply inhibits autophagy and induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells by activating mTOR signaling

Leukemia is caused by the malignant clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells, and in adults, the most common type of leukemia is acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Autophagy inhibitors are often used in preclinical and clinical models in leukemia therapy. However, clinically available autophagy inhibitors and their efficacy are very limited. More effective and safer autophagy inhibitors are urgently needed for leukemia therapy. In a previous study, we showed that ΔA146Ply, a mutant of pneumolysin that lacks hemolytic activity, inhibited autophagy of triple-negative breast cancer cells by activating mannose receptor (MR) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and that tumor-bearing mice tolerated ΔA146Ply well. Whether this agent affects AML cells expressing TLR4 and MR and the related mechanisms remain to be determined. In this study, we found that ΔA146Ply inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in AML cells. A mechanistic study showed that ΔA146Ply inhibited autophagy by activating mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and induced apoptosis by inhibiting autophagy. ΔA146Ply also inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in a mouse model of AML. Furthermore, the combination of ΔA146Ply and chloroquine synergistically inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Overall, this study provides an alternative effective autophagy inhibitor that may be used for leukemia therapy.Subject terms: Translational research, Acute myeloid leukaemia     

Natural Products in Preventing Tumor Drug Resistance and Related Signaling Pathways

Drug resistance is still an obstacle in cancer therapy, leading to the failure of tumor treatment. The emergence of tumor drug resistance has always been a main concern of oncologists. Therefore, overcoming tumor drug resistance and looking for new strategies for tumor treatment is a major focus in the field of tumor research. Natural products serve as effective substances against drug resistance because of their diverse chemical structures and pharmacological effects. We reviewed the signaling pathways involved in the development of tumor drug resistance, including Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Renin-angiotensin system (Ras), Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Wnt, Notch, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and their specific signaling pathway inhibitors derived from natural products. This can provide new ideas for the prevention of drug resistance in cancer therapy.