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991.
模糊控制已在一类缓变的过程控制中得到成功的应用,本文将它引入到柴油机这一高速系统的性能控制,研究了相应的模糊控制器的设计方法,研制了以微计算机为核心的增压空气泄放控制系统,并在B6135-ZG20涡轮增压柴油机上实现了最大爆发压力的闭环控制。这一研究进一步改善了增压系统的性能,也为模糊控制开辟了一个新的应用领域。 相似文献
992.
本文提出一种氟电极测铝的新方法,即二次回归校正曲线法及分段抛物插值法。由于汇集了1.该法依据的数学模型与实验数据相符;2.AppleⅡ-ISE智能离子计具有较强的数据处理功能;3.氟电极性能良好等三个特点,故本法准确可靠,快速方便,具有一定理论意义和较大实用价值。 相似文献
993.
994.
995.
以十甲基环五硅氧烷和甲烷作为反应气体,采用电子回旋共振等离子体化学气相沉积(ECR-C VD)方法制备了k = 2.45,485℃下的热稳定性优良的SiCOH低介电常数薄膜.通过薄膜结构的 FTIR谱分析,比较了十甲基环五硅氧烷(D5)液态源和不同甲烷流量下制备的薄膜的键结构差 异,发现在沉积过程中甲烷含量的增大,一方面有利于D5源环结构的保留,另一方面有利于 薄膜中形成高密度的CHn基团.高密度碳氢大分子基团的存在降低了薄膜密度, 结合薄膜中形成的本构孔隙、低极化率Si—C键以及—OH键减少的共同作用,导致薄膜介电 常数的降低.
关键词:
低介电常数
SiCOH薄膜
碳氢掺杂 相似文献
996.
T. Bezrodna I. Chashechnikova L. Dolgov G. Puchkovska Ye. Shaydyuk N. Lebovka V. Moraru J. Baran H. Ratajczak 《Liquid crystals》2005,32(8):1005-1012
Investigations of montmorillonite (MMT) clay mineral modification effects on electro-optical properties of nanocomposites, based on the nematic liquid crystal 4-pentyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) and MMT have been carried out. Only the composite with MMT modified by an organic surface-active substance, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, has been shown to manifest electro-optical memory effect and contrast. A polar dopant (acetone), added to the mixture, significantly increases composite homogeneity. Results of IR spectroscopy measurements lead to the conclusion, that there is a mutual influence of components on each other in organoclay systems, which appears as an alignment of near-surface layers of both the organic and inorganic components of the composite. Due to such interactions these systems show electro-optical contrast and memory effect. A composite with organophobic Na-MMT does not show these electro-optical properties, due to the absence of component interactions, as shown by IR spectroscopic data. 相似文献
997.
It has been recognized for some time that when cost-benefit analysis is applied to irreversible environmental decisions, such as that of developing or preserving wilderness land, there can be an option value associated with the preservation decision, which arises when there is future uncertainty with respect to the benefits of development or preservation. In this paper the provenance of option value is examined and it is shown that an important cause is a special kind of uncertainty, viz. the possibility of reversals in direction of the relative valuations of wilderness land and developed land, a property we refer to as ditonicity. It is shown that the more ditonic the relative valuation process the greater the deviance between the certainty-equivalence development policy and the stochastically optimal one, and thus by implication the greater the option value. In the two cases with zero ditonicity, when relative wilderness valuations always increase or always decrease (even though in a stochastic fashion), there is zero option value. The model used assumes that service flows from wilderness and developed land are size-dependent, with future relative values known only in terms of a stochastic process, which can take jumps up or down of the same proportional size, at random times. Development can be partial or total and can occur in impulses at any time over an infinite time horizon. 相似文献
998.
Norihiro Fukuchi Ye Biqing Yasunori Igasaki Narihiro Yoshida Yuji Kobayashi Tsutomu Hara 《Optical Review》2005,12(5):372-377
We have developed optically-addressed and electrically-addressed liquid crystal spatial phase-only light modulators having
no pixelized structures. We obtained a large depth of phase-only modulation and high diffraction efficiency based on the electro-optical
characteristics of a parallel-aligned nematic liquid crystal. These spatial light modulators (SLM) are of the reflection type,
so there would be a loss of power in the readout light from the half mirror, which was set up so as to separate the incident
and reflected lights. To optimize the characteristics of a reflection type spatial phase-only light modulator, we have proposed
an oblique incident optical readout setup. We have examined the effect of conditions such as the polarization direction and
the incidence angle of the readout light, and the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the SLM. High diffraction efficiency
close to the theoretical maximum value was obtained by adjusting the above conditions. The simulation analysis can well explain
the experimental results of phase modulation. 相似文献
999.
N. V. Generalova Ye. V. Kovalenko 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics》1994,58(6):1069-1078
The contact problem of the frictionless penetration of a punch with strip-shaped section into the surface of a linearly-deformable base protected by a thin elastic layer (covering) of variable thickness, the stiffness of which is comparable to or smaller than that of the supporting elastic body, is investigated. A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is obtained for the unknown contact pressure with a coefficient in front of the leading term that is a fairly arbitrary function of the longitudinal coordinate. To solve it the Bubnov-Galerkin projection method is used in which the coordinate elements are chosen to be a system of orthogonal polynomials and delta-shaped functions [1, 2] (variational-difference method), together with an algorithm for the required asymptotic expansions [3] when the above-mentioned coefficient is small. In the special case of an elastic half-space protected by a covering of constant thickness, the results obtained are compared with the corresponding characteristics given in [4]. 相似文献
1000.
小菜蛾颗粒体病毒DNA用BamHI和XhoI酶切,经0.75%琼脂糖凝胶电泳,分别得到12条带和8条带,平均分子量为113.0kb.用Supercos1Cosmid作载体,将Sau3AI部分消化的PxGV-DNA随机片段插入该载体的BamHI酶切位点,转化于XL1-Blue受体菌,经Amp平板筛选转化子,挑出256个Amp+菌落,以32P-dCTP标记的PxGV-DNA为探针,斑点杂交筛选得到59个阳性重组体,再经电泳检测,得到了59个不同大小的PxGV-DNA片段克隆. 相似文献