全文获取类型
收费全文 | 15481篇 |
免费 | 2779篇 |
国内免费 | 2517篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 11053篇 |
晶体学 | 224篇 |
力学 | 941篇 |
综合类 | 208篇 |
数学 | 1863篇 |
物理学 | 6488篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 22篇 |
2023年 | 286篇 |
2022年 | 377篇 |
2021年 | 455篇 |
2020年 | 629篇 |
2019年 | 609篇 |
2018年 | 544篇 |
2017年 | 520篇 |
2016年 | 748篇 |
2015年 | 786篇 |
2014年 | 952篇 |
2013年 | 1191篇 |
2012年 | 1410篇 |
2011年 | 1428篇 |
2010年 | 1071篇 |
2009年 | 973篇 |
2008年 | 1157篇 |
2007年 | 1073篇 |
2006年 | 992篇 |
2005年 | 886篇 |
2004年 | 634篇 |
2003年 | 534篇 |
2002年 | 502篇 |
2001年 | 443篇 |
2000年 | 389篇 |
1999年 | 309篇 |
1998年 | 254篇 |
1997年 | 223篇 |
1996年 | 238篇 |
1995年 | 192篇 |
1994年 | 159篇 |
1993年 | 137篇 |
1992年 | 118篇 |
1991年 | 95篇 |
1990年 | 91篇 |
1989年 | 69篇 |
1988年 | 50篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
161.
Uncoupled metabolism stimulated by chemical uncoupler and oxic-settling-anaerobic combined process to reduce excess sludge production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of three uncoupled metabolic systems (conventional activated sludge process with the addition of 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide
[TCS], oxic-settling-anaerobic [OSA] process modified by insertion of a sludge-holding tank in the sludge return line, and
TCS and OSA combined process) on reducing excess sludge production were studied. Compared with the control conventional activated
sludge process, the most effective system was the combined process, which could reduce excess sludge production by 46.90%.
The 180-d operation results confirmed that TCS is an effective chemical uncoupler in reducing the sludge yield but that it
had an adverse effect on substrate removal capability, effluent nitrogen concentration, and sludge settleability. The OSA
process decreased excess sludge production by only 26% but had less adverse effect on effluent quality and could improve sludge
settleability. The effluent total phosphorous concentration of the three systems was slightly lower than of the control unit.
Microbial populations were monitored by both microscopic and molecular biologic analysis method (polymerase chain reaction
[PCR]-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]). The presence of TCS caused metazoans to disappear and decreased the
number and activity of protozoa. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and sequent DGGE analysis found a shift in the diversity of
the predominant species. The results imply that OSA combined with the chemical uncoupler process may effectively reduce excess
sludge yield and not affect process performance significantly. 相似文献
162.
Ye Qing Li Ming Lu Chun Xu Lu Sai Jian Zhu Qi Fa Liu 《中国化学快报》2007,18(11):1313-1315
A novel and simple procedure for synthesis of azanucleoside by Mitsunobu reaction between N-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)- trans-4-hydroxy-D-proline methyl ester obtained from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline after six-step reaction and 2-fluoro-6-azidopurine is described,and azanucleoside is fluorinated by new fluridizer 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine (DFI).All reactions could be carded out under mild condition. 相似文献
163.
164.
ZHAO Fengb LI Ganga② WU Jing-Xiaa ZHANG Zong-Peia a 《结构化学》2007,26(3):291-294
The ferrocenyl compound,N-phenylbis(ferrocenecarboxyl)imide (C28H23NO2Fe2,Mr=517.17),was synthesized and structurally characterized by means of X-ray single-crystal dif-fraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group C2/c with a=21.374(14),b=10.430(7),c= 10.741(7) ,β=114.184(8)°,V=2184(2) 3,Z=4,Dc=1.573 g/cm3,F(000)=1064,μ(MoKα)= 1.355 mm–1,T=291(2) K,the final R=0.0548 and wR=0.1437 for 1524 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). In this compound,the nitrogen atom links two ferrocenyl groups and one phenyl group forming a novel imido derivative. 相似文献
165.
166.
合成了六种轻希土硫氰酸盐与标题不饱和冠醚的新固体配合物,进行了元素分析,摩尔电导率、DTA、UV、IR和XPS等表征。对Ln(NCS)_3·L和Ln(NCS)_3的XPS研究中,得到它们组成原子芯能级电子(Ln3d_(5/2),Ols,Nls,S2p)的结合能信息;观察到除Y3d_(5/2)外Ln3d_(5/2)(Ln=La、Ce、Pr、Nd、和Sm)的伴峰结构,Ln3d_(5/2)结合能与原子序数呈线性关系,并推断类似化合物Pm3d_(5/2)结合能在1035eV附近. 相似文献
167.
168.
Ying Wang Pu Xiao Gang Qiang Wu Su Qing Shi Jun Nie 《中国化学快报》2007,18(8):977-980
A benzophenone derivative photoinitiator, HBP-TDI-HQ-TDI-HBP (HTCTH), was synthesized based on 4-hydroxy benzophenone (HBP), toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroquinone (HQ). HTCTH was a more effective photoinitiator which had longer wavelength absorption in the UV-vis absorption spectra than the low molecular counterpart benzophenone (BP). It showed that both rate of polymerization (Rp) and final conversion (P) increased with increase of amine and HTCTH concentration in photopolymerization. 相似文献
169.
170.
Preparation and characterization of nitrogen-doped TiO2 photocatalyst in different acid environments
Ye Cong Ling Xiao Jinlong Zhang Feng Chen Masakazu Anpo 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2006,32(8):717-724
Nitrogen-doped TiO2 powders were successfully prepared by a wet method, i.e., a micro-emulsion-hydrothermal method, in different acid environments.
Several characterization techniques, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible diffuse
reflectance spectra, were combined to determine the crystal phase, concentration and chemical states of the nitrogen doped
in TiO2. The high photocatalytic activity of the nitrogen-doped TiO2 was evaluated through the decomposition of rhodanmine B under visible light irradiation. It was suggested that the doped
nitrogen formed oxynitride (NO) and produced impurity states at higher above the valence band of TiO2. Therefore, the nitrogen doping could enhance the response of photocatalyst to the visible light and improve the photocatalytic
activity because of the narrowing of band gap of TiO2. 相似文献