Colorimetric detection of spermine and spermidine by zincon in aqueous solution

The anionic organic dye, zincon, was found to be a colorimetric probe for spermine and spermidine at pH 4.0 in pure aqueous solution through its aggregation by electrostatic interactions with them. The addition of spermine and spermidine led to bathochromic shifts with color changes from yellow to purple and dark brown, respectively, while other amines and basic amino acids induced no or minimal spectral and color changes. From Job’s plot and titration experiments, zincon interacted with spermine (+4 charges) and spermidine (+3 charges) in 4:1 and 3:1 stoichiometric ratios, respectively, indicating that each positive charge was bound to one zincon molecule. The detection limits were determined to be 25.1 for spermine and 30.7 nM for spermidine, which were sufficient below the critical concentration for cancer diagnosis. The results indicated that zincon can be a good candidate for simple, convenient colorimetric detection of spermine and spermidine in aqueous solution.     

Molecular imprinting of bisphenol A and alkylphenols using amylose as a host matrix

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer has been created by a radical polymerisation of acryloylamylose in the presence of a template.     

Structure and crystallization of sub-elementary fibrils of bacterial cellulose isolated by using a fluorescent brightening agent

The structure and crystallization of carefully isolated sub-elementary fibrils (SEFs) of bacterial cellulose have been investigated using TEM, WAXD, and high-resolution solid-state ¹³C NMR. The addition of a suitable amount of fluorescent brightener (FB) to the incubation medium of Acetobacter xylinum effectively suppressed the aggregation of the SEFs into the microfibrils, as previously reported. However, this study confirmed for the first time that serious structural change in the SEFs occurs during the removal of excess FB by washing with buffer solutions having pH values higher than 6 or with the alkaline aqueous solution that was frequently used in previous studies. In contrast, the isolation of unmodified SEFs was successfully performed by utilizing a washing protocol employing pH 7 citrate–phosphate buffer solution containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. High-resolution solid-state ¹³C NMR and WAXD measurements revealed that the SEFs thus isolated are in the noncrystalline state in which the pyranose rings of the almost parallel cellulose chains appear to be stacked on each other. The respective CH₂OH groups of the SEFs adopt the gt conformation instead of the tg conformation found in cellulose I _α and I _β crystals, and undergo significantly enhanced molecular motion in the absence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding associated with these groups. The main chains are also subject to rapid motional fluctuations while maintaining the parallel orientation of the respective chains, indicating that the SEFs have a liquid crystal-like structure with high molecular mobility. Moreover, the SEFs crystallize into cellulose I _β when the FB molecules that may adhere to the surface of the SEFs are removed by extraction with boiling 70 v/v% ethanol and 0.1N NaOH aqueous solution. On the basis of these results, the crystallization of the SEFs into the I _α and I _β forms is discussed, including the possible formation of the crystalline-noncrystalline periodic structure in native cellulose.     

Colorimetric detection of Cu2+ using of a mixture of ponceau 6R and a cationic polyelectrolyte in aqueous solution

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry - A colorimetric chemosensor is reported for Cu2+ by a simple mixture of two commercially available reagents, ponceau 6R (P6R) and...     

Separation and purification of 99mTc from 99Mo produced by electron linear accelerator

The medical radionuclide ⁹⁹Mo was produced by the ¹⁰⁰Mo(γ,n) reaction using bremsstrahlung photons generated by an electron linear accelerator. The amount of ⁹⁹Mo produced was compared to that predicted by calculation using the particles and heavy ion transport code system. From the ⁹⁹Mo produced, highly pure ^99mTc was separated using the so-called technetium master milker, and the chemical yield of ^99mTc was 83–99 %. The installation of a new complex using this method and the electron linear accelerator with the preferable specification was suggested, and a possibility to supply the demand of ^99mTc was discussed and shown.

     

Structural and spectroscopic properties of Hexamethylenetetramine cobalt(II) complex: [Co(NCS)2(hmt)2(H2O)2][Co(NCS)2(H2O)4] (H2O)

Synthesis, structure, spectroscopy and thermal properties of complex [Co(NCS)₂(hmt)₂(H₂O)₂][Co(NCS)₂(H₂O)₄] (H₂O) (I), assembled by hexamethylenetetramine and octahedral Co(II) metal ions, are reported. Crystal data for I: F_w 387.34, a=9.020(8), b=12.887(9), c=7.95(1) Å, =96.73(4), β=115.36(5), γ=94.16(4)°, V=820(1) Å³, Z=2, space group=P−1, T=173 K, λ(Mo-K)=0.71070 Å, ρ_calc=1.718567 g cm⁻³, μ=17.44 cm⁻¹, R=0.088, R_w=0.148. An interesting two-dimensional network is assembled via hydrogen bonds through coordinated and free water molecules. The d–d transition energy levels of Co(II) ion are determined by UV–vis spectroscopy and calculated by ligand field theory. The calculated results agree well with experiment ones.     

Enantioselective Construction of Silicon‐Stereogenic Silanes by Scandium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene Hydrosilylation

The catalytic asymmetric construction of silicon‐stereogenic silanes is of great interest and significance, but has met with only limited success to date. We herein report the enantioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes with dihydrosilanes by a chiral half‐sandwich scandium catalyst, which constitutes an efficient and general route for the synthesis of a wide range of enantioenriched silicon‐stereogenic silanes from easily accessible starting materials. This reaction features a broad substrate scope, high yields, and high enantioselectivity. Some of the chiral tertiary silane products were also converted into valuable derivatives, such as chiral silanol, quaternary silane, and benzosilole compounds.     

Uneven distribution of ventilation—perfusion ratios in lungs estimated by a modified Newton method

The uneven distribution of ventilation—perfusion ratios ( ) in diseased lungs is the major cause of arterial hypoxemia. Farhi and Yokoyama (1967) and Yokoyama and Farhi (1967) were the first who used physiologically inert gases as indicator gases to assess the uneven distribution of Wagner and his coworkers in San Diego (1977b) extended the method and elaborated the multiple inert gas elimination technique in which blood flows in 50 compartments with different were estimated based on data for 6 indicator gases. They analyzed the indicator gas data through an enforced smoothing technique with the ridge regression. To get smooth distributions, they introduced a weighting function for compartments and an additional treatment for the non-negativity of the blood flow. The weighting function was empirically obtained. We analyzed the data without putting any weights on compartments nor any additional treatment for non-negativity of blood flow. The analytical method in the present study was a modified Newton method, which is one of the enforced smoothing method. Our method was capable of recovering all distribution patterns that were found through the method reported by Wagner et al. (1977b).