MXenes的制备及其在环境领域的应用

MXenes是一类新型的二维过渡金属碳/氮化物或碳氮化物,是由Mn₊₁AXn相物质(MAX相)通过剥离而得到的单层或薄层纳米片。独特的二维层状结构、较大的比表面积以及出色的导电性、机械稳定性和磁性等性能,使MXenes迅速成为研究热点,并已广泛应用于储能、催化、吸附等众多领域。本文总结介绍了二维材料MXenes的制备方法,并重点综述其近年来在环境领域的应用研究进展,如吸附重金属、吸附放射性金属、吸附有机物、二氧化碳的选择性吸附、光催化、电催化、膜分离、传感器、生物活性、电磁吸收与屏蔽等进行了总结与回顾,最后对现阶段存在的问题和未来发展进行了分析。     

Development and applications of an on-line thermal neutron prompt-gamma element analysis system

This paper introduces the principles, instrumentation, implementation, and industrial applications of an on-line thermal neutron prompt-gamma element analysis system (using a²⁵²Cf neutron source, Am–Be neutron source, or neutron generator). The energy resolution of the system at the H prompt-gamma full-energy photopeak (2.22325 MeV) is 3.6 keV. The concentration measurement error of Al₂O₃, FeO₃, CaO, and SiO₂ is ±0.3%, ±0.1%, ±0.4%, and ±0.4%, respectively. The system has been tested on-site at both the Shandong and the Zhengzhou Aluminium Works. Our preliminary on-site measurements confirm that the stability, reliability, measurement range, and accuracy of the system can meet the requirements of the aluminium production process. Facilitation of this measurement at aluminium plants is expected to reduce plant costs by over 3 million dollars annually through reduced energy consumption, more rapid qualification of pulps being mixed during the production process, and in reduced labor costs.Other participants of Shandong and Zhenghou Aluminium Works are: Wang Aili, Zengshen, Dei Jianguo and Lu Jinnan, Wang Deyu, Jin Hequan.     

Reducibility of Mo species in Pt/MoO3 and PtMo/Al2O3 catalysis

Recucibility of Mo species in Pt/MoO₃ and PtMo/Al₂O₃ has been investigated by temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen (H₂-TPD) and temperature programmed electronic conductivity (TPEC) techniques. In Pt/MoO₃ at H₂ atmosphere, it was found by TPEC and TPR that, a slight amount of Pt could activate the transfer of the species and H atoms between H₂ and MoO₃, and thus accelerate the reduction of MoO₃. In PtMo/Al₂O₃, TPR and H₂-TPD revealed that the reduction of surface Mo species could also be facilitated by Pt. Two kinds of hydrogen molybdenum species were proposed on the surface of the catalyst after prereduction.     

CeO2及Pt/CeO2催化剂上H2、O2的作用特性

采用TPD、TPR、FT-IR和TPEC等方法研究了CeO_2及Pt/CeO_2上H_2、O_2作用特性。结果表明, Pt促进CeO_2还原, 并形成高活动性氢物种。Pt的存在使吸H_2和放氢温度下阵达300 ℃。部分还原的CeO_2常温下吸附氧形成分子离子氧物种(O_2~-, O_2~(2-)), Pt的存在改变氧化铈催化剂在常温下氧吸附物种的形态, 以解离态存在。氧化铈上吸附的氧物种在升温时可部分脱附, 高于170 ℃时则转化为晶格氧。     

Synthesis of ZnO Photocatalysts Using Various Surfactants

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured materials have received significant attention because of their unique physicochemical and electronic properties. In...     

氰基衍生化制备胺的研究进展

胺是有机分子中最常见且重要的结构之一,广泛存在于天然产物分子、药物、染料、塑料等的分子结构中,开发合成胺的有效方法在化学工业中具有很高的需求但仍充满挑战。在诸多已知有机胺的合成方法中,以氰基为前体还原衍生化制备胺被认为是一条原子经济且绿色可行的方案。然而,氰基中存在稳定的碳氮三重键,还原过程涉及较多中间体,而部分中间体活性比氰基更高,因此反应受还原剂、催化剂、反应条件的影响很大,由氰基选择性制备目标胺结构仍充满挑战。本文从氰基的基本电子结构与反应活性出发,综述了近年来以氰基为原料的官能团胺基化反应,对部分重要反应的催化剂和反应机理做了简要讨论,为设计氰基制胺催化剂和应用工艺提供了新的视角。     

提高综合滤波器鉴别率的一种有效方法

提出一种提高综合滤波器鉴别率的有效方法，其做法是：对样本集在等相关峰条件下求解综合滤波器的同时，使样本集的互补样本满足零件相关峰条件，此方法把训练模式类同所有其它模式类在映射空间的距离拉大，有效地提高了综合滤波器的鉴别率，以取自同一手指纹为样本集，求解综合鉴别函数后，建立了指纹的实时模式识别系统，实验结果表明本文提出的改进方法对提高综合滤波器的鉴别率是非常有效的。     

Further Develop 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Based Probe to Effectively Detect 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol with the Help of DFT Calculations

Four fluorimetric probes had been developed to rapidly detect 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). They were designed and synthesized on the basis of 1,3,4-thiadiazole framework combining calculation with experiment. Among them, SK-1 displayed strong blue emission with fluorescence quantum yield as high as 63.6% in solution. Further evaluation demonstrated that SK-1 displays good selectivity and high sensitivity for rapid and visual detection of TNP. It brought significant changes in both colour and fluorescence emission spectrum. The detection limit was as low as 38 nM. Quenching mechanism was confirmed as photo-induced electron transfer (PET) by nuclear magnetic titration and DFT calculations. What’s more, application in real water samples and solid phase paper tests illustrated the practical significance of detection of TNP in both vapor and solution.

     

黄体酮纳米胶束构建及体外释放行为

为了制备可缓释释放的黄体酮纳米胶束新剂型,构建了两嵌段聚合物载体聚乙二醇-聚丙烯基缩水甘油醚(PEG-PAGE),组装成胶束,对黄体酮担载,考察不同条件下的载药量和包封率,筛选出最佳比例,并进行体外释放研究。 结果表明,该胶束能够担载黄体酮,载药量为4.26%,包封率为21.30%,48 h内累计释放达61.31%,能够有效地延缓黄体酮的释放,为黄体酮纳米剂型的开发提供了实验和技术参考。     

Pt/TiO_2催化剂上的氢—氧作用 Ⅰ.氢、氧的吸咐—脱附行为以及相互促进作用

本文采用程序升温脱附(TPD)技术研究了光沉积方法制备的Pt/TiO_2催化剂经过氧化、还原后氧、氢的脱附行为.光沉积过程中,Pt/TiO_2表面上可以生成大量的吸咐氢,在TPD中脱附;同时Pt/TiO_2表面上化学吸附的水在TPD过程中也可以分解释氢.氧化处理的Pt/TiO_2在TPD过程中于550～750K温区出现氧脱附峰,随着氧化温度升高,脱附峰位向高温移动,经实验证明,这种可脱附活泼氧物种的生成是由样品前身中留存氢引起的.还原处理的Pt/TiO_2在TPD过程中分别在300～600和大于600K出现两个氢脱附峰,认为是由于表面羟基和钛—氢(Ti~(4+)—H~-)物种的分解释氢引起的Pt/TiO_2上活泼氧物种的存在,增加了样品在室温条件下的吸氢量;在中温(473～573K)这种活泼氧物种则和氢发生反应,减少了TPD过程中的脱氢量;Pt/TiO_2在大于673K温度还原,可以消除活泼氧物种的影响.