聚苯乙烯纳米微球的合成及摩擦学行为的研究

用乳液聚合法合成了聚苯乙烯纳米微球 ,并对其进行透射电镜 (TEM)、热重 (TGA)、及差热 (DSC)等性能表征。在四球实验机上研究了其摩擦学行为 ,结果表明 ,高分子纳米粒子有良好的减摩、抗磨性能。     

应用非同质荷比规则提高蛋白质组学检索结果的可信度和灵敏度

如何筛选合理的数据库匹配结果对于基于质谱的蛋白质组学研究至关重要。但是目前,基于打分体系和反转数据库的筛选方法都无法有效的避免假阳性和假阴性匹配的存在。因此,本文提出了一种系统的搜索策略: 非同质荷比检索规则 (INMZS)。在该策略中,所有匹配结果都需要检查相关匹配质荷比的分享程度,只有那些相关质荷比均为专有匹配时,蛋白质才会被作为可信结果保留,策略还采用迭代搜索方法以提高鉴定低丰度组分的灵敏度。最终,所有的匹配结果由诱饵数据库方法进行评估以得到最终结果列表。INMZS策略在标准蛋白质混合物和大规模人肝蛋白质组数据上进行了模拟及应用,结果显示,INMZS规则和诱饵数据库评估方法的结和可以有效的保证蛋白质组学数据匹配的可信度及灵敏度,可以广泛适用于基于二维凝胶电泳及非shotgun技术的蛋白组学研究中。     

Influence of water conductivity on shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire explosion

The new application of electrical explosion of wire (EEW) used in petroleum industry is to enhance oil recovery (EOR). Because of the complex environment underground, the effect of underground water conductivity on EEW should be considered. This work describes the effect of water conductivities on discharge current, voltage and shock waves. It was found that the effect of water conductivity contains two parts. One is the shunt effect of saline water, which can be considered as a parallel load with the copper wire between the electrodes connected to the discharge circuit. The peak pressure of shock waves are gradually decrease with the increase of water conductivity. The other is the current loss through saline water directly to the ground ends without flowing through the electrodes. The shunt effect is the main factor affecting the wire discharge process. As the charging voltage increased, the energy loss caused by these two parts are all reduced. These indicate that increasing the charging voltage to a certain value will increase the energy efficiency to generate a more powerful shock waves in conductive water.     

聚合物纳米微球的合成及摩擦学行为

润滑油添加剂;抗磨性;缓存;聚合物纳米微球的合成及摩擦学行为     

铅纳米微粒用作油性润滑的摩擦学性能研究

The solution dispersion method has been successfully used to prepare Pb nanoparticles in a paraffin oilpolyglycol mixed solution by directly dispersing melted Pb granules. In this solution system,paraffin oil was used as reacting media and polyglycol served as an antioxidant to protect Pb nanoparticles from oxidizing. The size and structure of the prepared Pb nanoparticles were characterized by means of the transmission electron microscopy （TEM）and powder X-ray diffraction（XRD）. Their tribological behavior was evaluated with a four-ball tester. The TEM and XRD investigations reveal that the prepared Pb nanoparticles,with the average particle diameter of 70 nm,appear to be of close spherical shape and possess the same crystal structure as the bulk Pb. The tribological results show that the Pb nanoparticles as an oil additive exhibit good friction-reduction and antiwear properties at different additive concentration and applied load. Meanwhile,they can also strikingly improve the load-carrying capacity of the base oil. The rubbed surface was also investigated by the scanning electron microscope（SEM）and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. However,there was not presence of Pb element on the worn surfaces,which indicated that no chemical reaction occurred between the Pb nanoparticles and the rubbing surfaces. In addition,the tribological mechanism of the formation of the sliding-bearing system was also proposed.     

纳米材料在蛋白质分离中的应用

蛋白质的分离技术不仅在药物检测和制药工程中具有重要意义,而且还是生化工程和蛋白质分析的一个研究热点.纳米材料具有许多与众不同的特性,广泛应用于化工、生物、医药、航天等多个领域,被认为是21世纪最有前途的材料.本文作者从非金属氧化物纳米材料、非金属单质纳米材料、金属氧化物纳米材料、金属单质纳米材料、纳米聚合物、纳米复合材料等方面综述了纳米材料在蛋白质分离方面的应用现状,总结了其在蛋白质分离中的优缺点,并就其在蛋白质固定和分离领域的应用前景进行了展望.     

铅纳米微粒用作油性润滑的摩擦学性能研究

在石蜡油 聚乙二醇的混合溶剂中 ,通过液相分散法成功地制备出了铅纳米微粒 .其中 ,石蜡油是反应介质 ,聚乙二醇是抗氧化剂 .同时 ,对铅纳米微粒的形貌和结构进行了透射电镜 (TEM)和X光衍射 (XRD)表征 .结果表明 ,铅纳米微粒呈球形 ,平均粒径为 70nm ,具有与本体铅相同的晶体结构 .另外 ,在四球试验机上表征了铅纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能 .摩擦试验表明 ,铅纳米微粒具有良好的减摩抗磨性能 ,并能够显著改善基础油的承载能力 .磨斑表面分析表明 ,铅纳米微粒的抗磨减摩机制不是形成金属沉积膜 ,可能是在摩擦接触面形成滑动 轴承系     

A simple method for the preparation of containing Sb nano- and microcrystallines via an ultrasound agitation

Sb(2)O(3) nanobelts (NBs) and needle-like Sb(8)O(11)Cl(2)(H(2)O)(6) microcrystallines (MCs) were fabricated by a low-power ultrasound agitation with the assistance of surfactant in aqueous system at room temperature. The structure and morphology of as-synthesized sample were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) and high-resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that the perfect oriented-attachment of pre-prepared colloid nanoparticles of precursor is the possible growth mechanisms. The method introduced in the paper is simple, versatile, and promising to synthesis other one-dimensional (1D) materials.     

Preparation and characterization of amino-functionalized magnetic nanogels via photopolymerization for MRI applications

To design peptide-targeted iron oxide as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents, amino-functionalized magnetic nanogels were prepared by using N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (AEM·HCl) as monomer via new photochemical approach. Their chemical structure and composition were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). The core–shell structure of magnetic nanogels was confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The good storage stability, high magnetic content (88.7%), high saturation magnetizations and superparamagnetic behavior suggested their great potentials as MRI contrast agents, which were confirmed by their measurements of r₂ and coronal image of the crossing of mouse kidney.     

Temperature effects on the electrochemical behavior of spinel LiMn(2)O(4) in quaternary ammonium-based ionic liquid electrolyte

Temperature dependence of the physiochemical characteristics of a room-temperature ionic liquid consisting of trimethylhexylammonium (TMHA) cation and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonylimide (TFSI) anion containing different concentrations of LiTFSI salt was examined. Electrochemical properties of a spinel LiMn(2)O(4) electrode in 1 M LiTFSI/TMHA-TFSI ionic electrolyte were investigated at different temperatures by using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Li/ionic electrolyte/LiMn(2)O(4) cell exhibited satisfactory electrochemical properties with a discharge capacity of 108.2 mA h/g and 91.4% coulombic efficiency in the first cycle under room temperature. At decreased temperature, reversible capacity of the cell could not attain a satisfactory value due to the high internal resistance of the cell and the large activation energy for lithium ion transfer through the electrode/electrolyte interface. Anodic electrolyte oxidation results in the decrease of coulombic efficiency with increasing temperature. Irreversible structural conversion of the spinel LiMn(2)O(4) in the ionic electrolyte, possibly associated with the formation of TMHA intercalated compounds and/or Jahn-Teller distortion, was considered to be responsible for the electrochemical decay with increasing cycles.