Inhibitory Effect and Mechanism of Chitosan–Ag Complex Hydrogel on Fungal Disease in Grape

Hydrogel antibacterial agent is an ideal antibacterial material because of its ability to diffuse antibacterial molecules into the decayed area by providing a suitable microenvironment and acting as a protective barrier on the decay interface. The biocompatibility and biodegradation make the removal process easy and it is already widely used in medical fields. However, there have been few reports on its application for controlling postharvest diseases in fruit. In this study, the Chitosan–silver (CS–Ag) complex hydrogels were prepared using the physical crosslinking method, which is used for controlling postharvest diseases in grape. The prepared hydrogels were stable for a long period at room temperature. The structure and surface morphology of CS–Ag composite hydrogels were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, and XRD. The inhibitory effects of CS–Ag hydrogel on disease in grape caused by P. expansum, A. niger, and B. cinerea were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The remarkable antibacterial activity of CS–Ag hydrogels was mainly due to the combined antibacterial and antioxidant effects of CS and Ag. Preservation tests showed that the CS–Ag hydrogel had positive fresh-keeping effect. This revealed that CS–Ag hydrogels can play a critical role in controlling fungal disease in grapes.     

Molecular Forcefield Methods for Describing Energetic Molecular Crystals: A Review

Energetic molecular crystals are widely applied for military and civilian purposes, and molecular forcefields (FF) are indispensable for treating the microscopic issues therein. This article reviews the three types of molecular FFs that are applied widely for describing energetic crystals—classic FFs, consistent FFs, and reactive FFs (ReaxFF). The basic principle of each type of FF is briefed and compared, with the application introduced, predicting polymorph, morphology, thermodynamics, vibration spectra, thermal property, mechanics, and reactivity. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of these FFs are summarized, and some directions of future development are suggested.     

Quantification of Venetoclax for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Chinese Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients by a Validated UPLC-MS/MS Method

Venetoclax has emerged as a breakthrough for treatment of leukemia with a wide interindividual variability in pharmacokinetics. Herein, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable UPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of venetoclax in plasma was developed and validated. The method was operated in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to detect venetoclax at m/z transition 868.5 > 321.0 and IS at 875.5 > 321.0, respectively. Protein precipitation prior to injection into the LC-MS/MS and the analyte was separated on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 25–8000 ng/mL. The specificity, recovery, matrix effect, and stability also met the acceptance criteria of FDA guidance. The method was successfully applied to analyze plasma in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The peak plasma concentration (C_max) of venetoclax in Chinese AML patient was 2966.0 ± 1595.0 ng/mL while the trough concentration (C_min) was 1018.0 ± 729.4 ng/mL. Additionally, C_max and C_min showed a positive correlation with AST levels. Furthermore, C_max was significantly higher in the older patients. The present method can be applied for TDM of venetoclax in treatment of hematological cancers.     

钨/石墨烯/钨面向等离子体复合材料力学与热学及耐辐照性能衰减的第一性原理计算

通过第一性原理计算研究了钨/石墨烯/钨复合材料相比于纯钨金属在力学与热学性质方面的变化,并用氦原子-空位缔合缺陷模拟核聚变辐照损伤评估等离子体辐照条件下的性能。计算结果表明：钨/石墨烯/钨复合材料的体积弹性模量、杨氏模量与剪切模量呈现一定程度的下降,但是提升了钨基材料的延展性;钨/石墨烯/钨复合材料的热膨胀系数有所增加,但是具有较高的最小热导率。本文阐述了石墨烯界面层可以对基体杂质与缺陷进行吸附的独特机制,通过这种机制,钨/石墨烯/钨复合材料在力学、热膨胀系数以及最小热导率有更低程度的衰减,这显示了钨/石墨烯/钨复合材料在抗辐照性能方面具有较大的应用潜力。     

脉动热管的毛细管结构和尺度效应实验研究

脉动热管的毛细管结构变化如何影响其性能是研究者关注的问题.本文对毛细管截面为正方形和正三角形,水力直径范围为1 mm左右的回路型脉动热管的传热性能进行了实验研究.结果表明,角管脉动热管的倾角变化时,底加热明显优于顶加热;三角形截面脉动热管的热阻比正方形截面脉动热管的热阻更低.脉动热管在水力直径为1.5 mm时比1mm时的性能要好.实验研究为理论分析打下了基础.     

基于有限元的舌体三维温度场数值模拟

依据生物体自然形态所进行的三维温度场建构与计算是近年来国内外生物传热研究中的焦点之一.采用血管铸型的方法获取猪舌的血管树,通过数码成像及逆向建模将其转换为计算机可识别的数字模型.以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的舌体三维温度场进行了重构计算,并获得成功.通过此方法可获取其它生物体器官三维空间的温度分布,对本研究而言,舌体三维温度场计算的成功为探索生物传热与中医舌诊的机理研究搭建了技术平台.     

纤维素热解过程中活性纤维素的生成研究

热重分析发现活性纤维素的生成始于530 K左右,对应于失重图上的肩部及SDTA曲线中强烈的放热峰.在辐射加热闪速热裂解试验台上获取了一种可溶于水、高温下易分解、室温下呈固态且稳定存在的黄色中间产物.扫描电镜图片证明在热裂解初期纤维素经历了一个熔化和相互粘结的状态,产物的红外谱图证实了大量的羰基和羧基官能团的生成.高效液相色谱分析证明其主要成分是一系列聚合度不同的低聚糖,推断该低聚糖即为活性纤维素.     

利用流变仪测定聚苯乙烯的分子量和分子量分布的研究

用先进流变扩展系统ARES（Advanced Rheology Expanded System）对聚苯乙烯的分子量和分子量分布进行了测定,并且将所得的结果与GPC的结果进行了比较,发现误差非常小．因此认为用ARES进行特定聚合物的分子量及分子量分布测定,是一种快速、准确的测定方法,对生产的质量控制有一定的帮助．     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定头发中10种蛋白同化激素

建立了同时测定头发中10种蛋白同化激素液相色谱-串联质谱(LC/MS/MS)分析方法。头发样品经NaOH消解、戊烷液液提取后,用反相液相色谱分离,电喷雾正离子源进行离子化,用多反应监测方式(MRM)对这10种蛋白同化激素的母离子及子离子进行监测,三重四极杆质谱测定。10种蛋白同化激素的检出限为1~20ng/g;相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.72%~13.77%;回收率为38.20%~110.38%;线性回归系数(R2)为0.9958~0.9999。本方法简便快速、灵敏度高、专属性强,可满足在兴奋剂检测或毒物分析中对毛发中蛋白同化激素测定的要求。     

荧光猝灭法研究山豆根碱与人血清白蛋白间的相互作用

利用荧光光谱法研究了中药有效成分山豆根碱与人血清白蛋白(HSA)间的非共价结合特性。在37℃和47℃两个作用温度下,山豆根碱与HSA间的结合常数K分别为1.5671×103L.mol-1和2.4923×103L.mol-1,结合位点数n分别为0.8309和0.8630,表明温度升高有利于两者的结合。计算了热力学参数,表明该药物与蛋白的相互作用是一个熵增加和吉布斯自由能降低的自发过程,并由此推断山豆根碱与HSA之间的作用力是以疏水相互作用为主,为研究山豆根碱的药理作用和生物学效应,以及山豆根碱对蛋白质构像的影响等提供了重要信息。