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991.
Under neat conditions,an efficient method for synthesis of imidoesters has been developed using cyanatobenzenes and dicarbonyl compounds.Nucleophilic addition spontaneously occurred between the two kinds of materials at room temperature with yields of up to 90%.A mechanism directed towards to the imidoester formation has been proposed.  相似文献   
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Schisandra chinensis Baill grows wild in Russia, China, Korea and Japan, and its fruit has been found to be effective in amnesia and insomnia. It is enriched in schisandra lignans (SL) that are major components responsible for therapeutic action. However, there are no reports on the biotransformation analysis of SL. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray‐ionization high‐definition mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐HDMS) method was developed to investigate the metabolism of SL in vivo. MS was performed on a Waters Micromass high‐definition system with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode and automated MetaboLynx software analysis with excellent MS accuracy and enhanced MS data acquisition. An improved mass defect filter (MDF) method employing both drug and core structure filter templates was applied to the processing of UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐HDMS data for the detection and structural characterization of metabolites. In this study, 30 metabolites were detected and identified in vivo, and demethylation and hydroxylation were confirmed as the primacy metabolic pathway for SL in rat plasma. In conclusion, the presently developed methodology was suitable for biotransformation research of SL and will find wide use in metabolic studies for other herbal medicines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films with the size gradient of the LC droplets were prepared based on the epoxy/acrylate hybrid polymer matrix. The ultraviolet (UV) intensity gradient was induced by the UV-absorbing dye over the thickness of the samples. Taking advantage of the difference between the epoxy monomers and acrylate monomers in polymerisation rates and the UV intensity gradient, the gradient distribution of the LC droplet size was formed in PDLC films. The effect of the size gradient of the LC droplets on the electro-optical and the light-scattering properties of PDLC films was investigated. The results showed that due to the size gradient distribution of the LC droplets, PDLC films could exhibit the strong light scattering in the UV-visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) region. Consequently, it provides a potential approach for modulating NIR light transmittance.  相似文献   
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Danshen (DS) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A simple, rapid and sensitive method was developed for identification of the in vivo metabolites in urine of WZS‐miniature pigs after oral administration of DS decoction by HPLC coupled with diode array detection with electrospray ionization tandem ion trap and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. This method has been successfully applied to simultaneous identification of 50 compounds (including 11 new ones) in pig urine. In addition, one new compound, (3‐hydroxyphenyl) crylic acid glycine methyl ester (C1), along with eight known ones were first isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic means, including 1D/2DNMR and mass spectrometry, as reference substances. Ten phenolic compounds (protocatechuic aldehyde, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, danshensu, ferulic acid, isoferulic acid, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid A/B/D) were found to be the main absorbed original constituents of DS decoction, which underwent the metabolic reactions of glucuronidation, sulfation, methylation, hydrogenation and glycine conjugation in vivo. In conclusion, the developed method is applicable to the analysis and identification of constituents in biological matrices after administration of DS decoction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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The laser breakdown time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed and applied to detect the breakdown patterns of hydrocarbons that are significant to improve the detectability of heavy metals compounded in various mixtures such as particles and hydrocarbons. The laser wavelength dependence of this method was evaluated using 1064, 532, and 266 nm laser outputs. Breakdown processes using 1064 and 532 nm outputs showed less interference of fragmentation for the detection of various heavy metals. The method was applied to various hydrocarbons and it showed the possibility of categorization of hydrocarbon groups using the pattern of breakdown products.  相似文献   
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