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101.
Detection of single molecules, particles, and rapid redox events is a challenge of electrochemical investigations and requires either an amplification strategy or significant averaging for the electrochemical current to exceed the noise level. We consider the minimum number of electrons required to reach the limit of quantification in these electrochemical measurements. A survey of the literature indicates that the state-of-the-art limit in current detection for different types of measurements (e.g. voltammetry, single-molecule redox cycling, ion channel recordings of single molecules, metal nanoparticle collision, and phase nucleation) is independent of the nature of the measurement and increases linearly with reciprocal response time, Δt?1, over ~5 orders of magnitude (from ~10 to ~106 s?1). We demonstrate that the practical limit of quantification requires cumulative measurement of ~2100 electrons during Δt and is determined by statistics of counting electrons, that is, the shot noise in the current. 相似文献
102.
A parallel solution combustion synthesis technique was developed for combinatorial materials studies. The vigorous combustion reactions were successfully limited in the microreactors by using a substrate-net-mask microreactor system and the lowest adoptable furnace temperature. Using this technique, a luminescent materials library of Y3Al5O12/Tb(chi) was synthesized with the aid of an ink-jet delivery system. Structure and luminescence characterizations were implemented using X-ray diffraction and UV/X-ray spectroscopies, respectively. The results show that this technique is reliable and applicable to combinatorial study of powder materials with high synthesis temperature. 相似文献
103.
2,2'-Biphenanthroline (2,2'-biphen) formed from 1,10-phenanthroline when a new two-dimensional layered vanadium oxide metal coordination complex, [(2,2'-biphen)Co]V3O8.5, which contains novel 4,8,10-net sheets, was hydrothermally synthesized. 相似文献
104.
Hong-Chang Yao Song Gao Li-Min Zheng Xin-Quan Xin 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2004,177(12):4557-4563
Hydrothermal reactions of copper (II) nitrate with 1-hydroxycyclohexanephosphonic acid [C6H10(OH)PO3H2] or Δ1-cyclohexenephosphonic acid [C6H9PO3H2] have resulted in three new copper phosphonates, namely, Cu(C6H10(OH)PO3)(H2O)2 (1), Cu(C6H10(OH)PO3) (2) and Cu(C6H9PO3)(H2O) (3). Compound 1 has a dinuclear structure in which two {CuO5} square pyramids are bridged by two {CPO3} tetrahedra through corner sharing. The dimers are connected through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular layers. Both compounds 2 and 3 show layer structures typical for metal mono-phosphonates, in which the inorganic metal-containing layers are separated by cyclohexane or cyclohexene groups. The magnetic studies show that ferromagnetic interactions are mediated between copper centers in compound 1. In compounds 2 and 3, antiferromagnetic interactions are dominant. 相似文献
105.
离子敏感场效应晶体管具有若干不同于寻常传感器的特点:超小型、全固态、集成化和自身阻抗变换等。它是一种很有发展前途的传感器。本文了讨论了离子敏感场效应晶体管的分类、结构和性能;评述了1989年以来其在临床医学和流动注射分析等方面的应用。引参考文献67篇。 相似文献
106.
用三角波电流代替正弦波电流,进行交流示波极谱滴定,所得示波极谱图与正弦波结果相似。对一些离子的滴定表明,两法所得结果均在定量分析允许误差范围以内。报道了三角波交流示波极谱图的一些性质。 相似文献
107.
108.
Two three-dimensional (3D) malonate bridged networks, [Cu(mal)(DMF)](n) (1) and [[Cu(mal)(0.5pyz)].H(2)O](n) (2), have been synthesized in H(2)O-DMF solution. Compound 1 exhibits ferromagnetic ordering below 2.6 K (T(c)), and 2 displays a metamagnetic behavior below 3.2 K (T(N)). 相似文献
109.
110.
The grain-boundary-related optical and electrical properties in polycrystalline p-type ZnO films 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
C.Y. Zhang X.M. Li X.D. Gao J.L. Zhao K.S. Wan J.M. Bian 《Chemical physics letters》2006,420(4-6):448-452
Cathodoluminescence spectra and electrical properties of the N doped and N–Al codoped p-type ZnO films and the dependence of these two properties on the post-annealing were investigated. Spectral analyses show that the intensity of the green emission strongly depends on the annealing ambient and closely relates with the width of the electron depletion region at the particle boundary. The conducting type and electrical properties of N doped and N–Al codoped ZnO films are greatly affected by the annealing process. The grain boundary effect was proposed to explain the green emission behavior and the p-type conduction in polycrystalline ZnO based films. 相似文献