基于零拍探测和压缩真空光输入增强Sagnac效应

利用量子技术增强Sagnac效应提高陀螺输出精度具有重要的研究意义, 是实现全自主导航的重要途径. 以相干态激光作为输入光源的光学陀螺因真空零点波动使其输出精度限制于散粒噪声极限而难以提高. 为减小真空波动的影响, 提出在激光输入的分束器的另一输入端输入压缩真空光并结合平衡零拍探测技术的方法增强Sagnac效应. 理论分析表明Sagnac效应性能得到有效提升: 干涉输出的灵敏度检测极限和动态范围均随着压缩程度的增加而呈指数级增长. 该方法只需对经典光学陀螺做少量改动就可实现, 是提高光学陀螺输出精度的一种新方法.     

溶液相变对β胡萝卜素溶质的紫外-可见吸收和共振拉曼光谱的影响

测量了β-胡萝卜素溶解在环己醇中65~2℃范围内的紫外-可见吸收与共振拉曼光谱。溶液在20℃时转为固态。随着温度的降低,相变时吸收光谱产生较大蓝移。虽然相变后吸收光谱、拉曼光谱仍红移,拉曼散射截面仍增加,拉曼谱带线宽仍减小,但相变后的光谱随温度的变化却大幅增加。这主要是由于固相中的β胡萝卜素分子的π电子能隙对碳碳键振动调制作用增强所致。文中对这些物理现象给予了解释。     

不同含水量黑土土壤光谱反射率半经验模型构建

土壤含水量的变化情况与时空分布对热量平衡、农业墒情等具有显著的影响。利用反射率光谱信息反演土壤含水量的研究,可为实现土壤含水量速测、揭示土壤含水量时空变异规律提供科学依据。构建不同含水量黑土土壤反射率光谱半经验模型,深入探究土壤重量含水量与反射率光谱的关系。 制备了12种不同湿度的土壤样品。 采用ASD Field Spec Pro 3地物波谱仪对制备的不同湿度梯度的黑土土壤进行反射率光谱测量。 利用菲涅耳反射率建立土壤表面反射模型;在以往的研究中,Kubelka-Munk (KM)模型中的漫反射率R_∞通常被视为对于给定材料和照明波长的常数或需要反演的参数。通过研究发现,漫反射率R_∞不仅与材料和波长有关,还与土壤含水量相关。利用与土壤含水量相关的吸收系数及散射系数描述了土壤含水量与漫反射率R_∞的关系,并基于KM理论对体散射分量进行建模;进而构建不同含水量黑土土壤反射率光谱半经验模型。 根据实际测量数据选用最小二乘算法对模型参数进行反演,并通过分析反演参数简化模型。最后,将未参与建模的不同含水量梯度的数据代入模型中,验证模型的有效性。结果表明：对比不同含水量土壤反射率光谱的模拟值与实测值在400～2 400 nm波段范围内的模拟精度发现,含水量为200 g·kg-1的土壤反射率光谱的均方根误差最大,为0.008,含水量为40 g·kg-1的土壤反射率光谱的均方根误差最小,为0.000 6,不同含水量下土壤样品反射率光谱的均方根误差的均值是0.005 1。在400～2 400 nm波段范围内,不同波长下黑土土壤反射率光谱的预测均方根误差基本低于0.008,1 920 nm波长处的预测均方根误差最小,为0.002 062。采集长春地区的土壤检验模型的可靠性,配制15个不同含水量样品并对其进行反射率光谱测量。选取9个样品数据用于建模,6个样品数据用于验证。结果表明：在400～2 400 nm波段范围内,不同波长下的长春土壤反射率光谱的预测均方根误差基本低于0.015,525 nm波长处的预测均方根误差最小,为0.000 922 5。综上所述,所建立的模型具有很高的预测精度,可很好地适用于不同含水量黑土土壤反射率光谱的模拟。     

一类非线性系统的输出反馈控制及全局渐近稳定性研究

考虑不可测状态是非线性的非严格三角形非线性系统的全局渐近稳定性问题.提出了一种新的反馈控制设计方法,构造一个线性动态输出补偿器,并全局稳定所控制的非线性系统.     

Optimization of the three-dimensional electric f ield in IH-DTL

The tuning process of the three-dimensional electric field near the beam axis is very important in the optimization of the Interdigital H-mode Drift Tube Linac (IH-DTL). The tuning of the longitudinal field distribution, the Kilpatrik (Kp) factor, and the transverse dipole field have been discussed in detail, combined with the radio-frequency tuning process of the 53.667 MHz short IH-DTL cavity, which was designed to accelerate ²³⁸U³⁴⁺ from 0.143 MeV/u to 0.289 MeV/u in the SSC-Linac injector project at the Institute of Modern Physics. The flatness criterion and the tube tuning method are discussed in order to meet the beam dynamics requirements. In the tube tuning process, the energy gain error in the cells should be reduced to less than ±2%, and the Kp factor should be reduced to 1.6. The transverse dipole field and the method that uses a "plunger" to dismiss this dipole field are evaluated. The experience gained from the first cavity optimization benefits the tuning process of the three remaining IH-DTL cavities in the SSC-Linac project.     

Structural and optical investigation of nonpolar α-plane GaN grown by metalben organic chemical vapour deposition on r-plane sapphire by neutron irradiation

Nonpolar (1120) α-plane GaN films are grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) on r-plane (1102) sapphire. The samples are irradiated with neutrons under a dose of 1 × 10¹⁵ cm^-2. The surface morphology, the crystal defects and the optical properties of the samples before and after irradiation are analysed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and photoluminescence (PL). The AFM result shows deteriorated sample surface after the irradiation. Careful fitting of the XRD rocking curve is carried out to obtain the Lorentzian weight fraction. Broadening due to Lorentzian type is more obvious in the as-grown sample compared with that of the irradiated sample, indicating that more point defects appear in the irradiated sample. The variations of line width and intensity of the PL band edge emission peak are consistent with the XRD results. The activation energy decreases from 82.5 meV to 29.9 meV after irradiation by neutron.     

A study of GaN MOSFETs with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 as the gate dielectric

Accumulation-type GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with atomic-layer-deposited Al₂O₃ gate dielectrics are fabricated. The device, with atomic-layer-deposited Al₂O₃ as the gate dielectric, presents a drain current of 260 mA/mm and a broad maximum transconductance of 34 mS/mm, which are better than those reported previously with Al₂O₃ as the gate dielectric. Furthermore, the device shows negligible current collapse in a wide range of bias voltages, owing to the effective passivation of the GaN surface by the Al₂O₃ film. The gate drain breakdown voltage is found to be about 59.5 V, and in addition the channel mobility of the n-GaN layer is about 380 cm²/Vs, which is consistent with the Hall result, and it is not degraded by atomic-layer-deposition Al₂O₃ growth and device fabrication.     

精确预言双原子分子Q线系高振转激发态的跃迁谱线

用多重差分的方法,从双原子分子跃迁谱线的普遍表达式出发,已经建立起了预言双原子分子P线系高激发振转跃迁谱线的解析物理公式。采用同样的方法,充分利用现有实验条件下测定的部分振转跃迁谱线数据,文章建立了预言双原子分子Q线系高激发振转跃迁谱线的物理公式。使用该公式和一组经过物理筛选的(15条)精确的实验跃迁谱线,研究了IrN分子A1Π—X1Σ+跃迁系统中(4,1),(3,1)跃迁带的Q支发射光谱。结果表明,该公式不仅很好地重复了所有已知的实验光谱数据,且正确预言了实验没有获得的很多高转动量子态的未知发射谱线,从而提供了一种新的预言高转动量子态的未知跃迁谱线的物理方法。     

Analysis of absorption performances of anechoic layers with steel plate backing

Rubber layers with air-filled cavities or local resonance scatters can be used as anechoic coatings. A lot of researches have focused on the absorption mechanism of the anechoic coatings. As the anechoic coatings are bonded to the hull of submarine, the vibration of the hull should not be neglected when the analysis of the absorption characters is carried out. Therefore, it is more reasonable to treat the anechoic coating and the backing as a whole when the acoustic performance is analyzed. Considering the effects of the steel plate backing, the sound absorption performances on different models of anechoic coatings are investigated in this paper. The Finite Element Method is used to illustrate the vibrational behaviors of the anechoic coatings under the steel backings by which the displacement contours is obtained for analysis. The theoretical results show that an absorption peak is induced by the resonance of the steel slab and rubber layer. At the frequency of this absorption peak, the steel plate and the coating vibrates longitudinally like a mass-spring system in which the steel slab serves for mass and the coating layer is the spring. To illuminate the effects of the steel slab backing on the acoustic absorption, the thicknesses of the steel slab and the anechoic layer are discussed. Finally, an experiment is performed and the results show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.