Phenyltrimethylammonium Salts as Methylation Reagents in the Nickel‐Catalyzed Methylation of C−H Bonds

Methylation of C(sp²)?H bonds was achieved through the Ni^II‐catalyzed reaction of benzamides with phenyltrimethylammonium bromide or iodide as the source of the methyl group. The reaction has a broad scope and shows high functional‐group compatibility. The reaction is also applicable to the methylation of C(sp³)?H bonds in aliphatic amides.     

Studies toward the total synthesis of nakiterpiosin: construction of the CDE ring system by a transannular Diels-Alder strategy

The transannular Diels-Alder (TADA) reaction was applied to the synthesis of the CDE ring system of nakiterpiosin (1). Tetracyclic compound 25 may be a key intermediate in the total synthesis of 1.     

Relative stereochemistries of the ether rings and sugar moieties in durinskiol A

Durinskiol A (1) is a long carbon-chain polyol compound with a molecular weight of 2128 mu isolated from the symbiotic dinoflagellate Durinskia sp. The relative stereochemistries of ether rings and sugar moieties in 1 were established based on 2D-NMR analysis and molecular modeling studies. Conformational analysis of the 6,5,6-bis-spiroacetal ring in 1 was also examined by using ab initio methods.     

An organic electroluminescent device with a molecularly doped polymer hole transport layer

Electroluminescent(EL) devices have been fabricated using four different polymers with different glass transition temperatures (T_g) dispersed with N,N′-bis-(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) as a hole transport layer and tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq₃) as an emitting layer. It was found that the higher the T_g of the polymer, the longer the lifetime of the device. From observations of TPD-doped polymer films with optical microscope and atomic force microscope, dispersing TPD in the polymers was found to suppress the crystallization that causes the roughness of the film surface. It was also observed that the higher the T_g of the host polymers, the more difficult TPD crystallization was. The property of the EL device with polyethersulfone (PES) dispersed with TPD was also investigated. The lifetime of EL device with the TPD doped PES film was improved more than five times at a current density below 10 mA/cm² compared with the device with a conventional TPD hole transport layer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stereoselective synthesis and absolute configuration of the C33-C42 fragment of symbiodinolide

Cross-metathesis of methyl ester which was prepared from symbiodinolide with ethylene was performed to give the C33-C42 degraded fragment. This fragment was estimated to be (36S,40S)-diol by the modified Mosher method. Stereoselective synthesis of the (36S,40S)-diol and its diastereomer (36R,40S)-diol was achieved from l-aspartic acid. Synthetic bis-(S)- and (R)-MTPA esters which were derivatized from the (36S,40S)-diol exhibited spectroscopic data identical with those of bis-(S)- and (R)-MTPA esters derived from the degraded product. Thus, the absolute stereochemistry of the C33-C42 fragment was elucidated to be (36S,40S).     

Hydrogen-bonded porous coordination polymers: structural transformation, sorption properties, and particle size from kinetic studies

Three new coordination polymers, [CoCl2(4-pmna)2]n (1), {[Co(NCS)2(4-pmna)2].2Me2CO}n (2 superset 2Me2CO), and {[Co(4-pmna)2(H2O)2](NO3)2.2CH3OH}n (3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH) (4-pmna = N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)nicotinamide), have been synthesized and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The cobalt(II) atoms are bridged by 4-pmna ligands in all three compounds to form double-stranded one-dimensional "repeated rhomboid-type" chains with rectangular-shaped cavities. In 1, each chain slips and obstructs the neighboring cavities so that there are no guest-incorporated pores. Both 2 superset 2Me2CO and 3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH do not have such a staggered arrangement and have pores that can be filled with a guest molecule. Compound 3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH traps guest molecules with multiple hydrogen bonds and shows a reversible structural rearrangement during adsorption and desorption. The new crystalline compound, 3, is stabilized by forming hydrogen bonds with the amide moieties of the 4-pmna ligands and was characterized using infrared spectroscopy. The clathration enthalpy of the reaction 3 + 2H2O(l) + 2MeOH(l) <==> 3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH (approximately 35 kJ/mol) was estimated from differential scanning calorimetry data by considering the vaporization enthalpies of H2O and MeOH. The desorption process of 3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH --> 3 follows a single zero-order reaction mechanism under isothermal conditions. The activation energy of ca. 100 kJ/mol was obtained by plotting the logarithm of the reaction time for the same reacted fraction versus the reciprocal of the temperature. Moreover, the distribution of the one-dimensional channels in 3 superset 2H2O.2MeOH was estimated using the observation that the reaction rate is directly proportional to the total sectional area.