A framework for classification with single feature kernel matrix

In this paper, we propose a novel classification framework using single feature kernel matrix. Different from the traditional kernel matrices which make use of the whole features of samples to build the kernel matrix, this research uses features of the same dimension of any two samples to build a sub-kernel matrix and sums up all the sub-kernel matrices to get the single feature kernel matrix. We also use single feature kernel matrix to build a new SVM classifier, and adapt SMO (Sequential Minimal Optimization) algorithm to solve the problem of SVM classifier. The results of the experiments on several artificial datasets and some challenging public cancer datasets display the classification performance of the algorithm. The comparisons between our algorithm and L₂-norm SVM on the cancer datasets demonstrate that the accuracy of our algorithm is higher, and the number of support vectors selected is fewer, indicating that our proposed framework is a more practical approach.     

Methodological Study on AMS Measurement of U Isotope Ratios in Nanogram U Samples

The determination of uranium isotopic composition in trace samples is important in different fields. A new measurement method that uses an accelerator mass spectrometry （AMS） technique has been developed for the analysis of uranium isotopic ratios in ultra-trace uranium samples at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. As result, about 5-nanogram level uranium samples analyzed with AMS is achieved.     

多层纳米Au/DPO薄膜的荧光特性

在低压直流溅射沉积的纳米Au薄膜表面喷涂有机固体晶体2,5-二苯基恶唑（DPO）,制成具有（Au+DPO）单元结构的多层纳米薄膜。利用XRD表征多层纳米薄膜的晶体结构,通过SEM表征各层薄膜的表面形貌,并测试了多层纳米薄膜的紫外荧光特性。与纯DPO薄膜相比,多层纳米薄膜的紫外荧光峰出现了5 nm的蓝移,而且DPO荧光峰形貌发生改变。在多层膜中,DPO薄膜的荧光强度与薄膜层数成反比关系,而纳米Au膜的荧光强度与薄膜层数成正比关系。SEM与XRD测试结果表明,多层薄膜中的DPO薄膜随着薄膜层数的增加逐渐成为无定型结构。DPO薄膜与纳米Au膜相互作用,导致其晶体结构异于单层薄膜,进而改变了其荧光特性。     

低压MOCVD生长参量对Ⅱ型InAs/GaSb超晶格材料表面形貌的影响

采用自制低压金属有机源化学气相沉积设备,在（100）面GaSb单晶衬底上生长了Ⅱ型InAs/GaSb超晶格材料.利用双晶X射线衍射、光学显微镜、原子力显微镜和光致发光谱等分析手段对材料特性进行了表征,获得了表面光亮的晶体质量较好的Ⅱ型InAs/GaSb超晶格材料,在77 K下得到光致发光谱峰值波长为3.25 μm.研究了生长温度、过渡层、界面层对其表面形貌的影响,得出生长温度在500 ℃~520 ℃,无过渡层,使用InAsSb界面层有利于改善材料的表面形貌.     

抗混叠轮廓波域采用压缩感知的云图融合方法

提出一种采用压缩感知的云图融合方法.该方法针对传统轮廓波存在频谱混叠的缺点,结合抗混叠塔式滤波器组和方向滤波器组,构造出一种抗混叠的轮廓波变换,并将其引入压缩感知中的稀疏表示环节,将云图分解成稠密和稀疏两部分|对稠密成份采用传统方法进行融合,而对稀疏成份,则在压缩感知框架下,通过少数线性测量的融合,并采用二步迭代收缩的图像重构算法,在迭代时利用前面两个估计值更新当前值,得到融合结果.实验表明,该方法的融合结果无论在视觉质量及定量指标上都明显优于传统方法,有利于揭示全面的天气信息.     

Numerical Simulation on the Production Mechanism of Surface-Wave Plasmas Sustained along a Metal Rod

For interpreting the production mechanism of surface-wave plasmas sustained along a metal rod, electromagnetic simulation on the electromagnetic field distributions and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision （PIC/MCC） simulation of the ionization process are present. The results show that the enhanced electric field of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） can be excited in the ion sheath layer between the negative-voltage metal rod and the surface-wave plasmas, which is responsible for maintaining the plasma discharge. Moreover, the spatio-temporal evolutions of plasma density and electric fields are simulated by the PIC/MCC model. It is further suggested that the expanded ion sheath layer can extend the length of plasma domain by increasing the plasma absorbed energy from SPPs.     

Effect of thermal treatment on structural change of anode electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells

Commercially available carbon-supported Pt,PtCo and PtRu catalysts from E-TEK are heat-treated in turn at 600 ℃ and 800 ℃ each for an hour.The as-received and as-heated catalysts are used as anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells.Structural and surface composition changes induced by heating are analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),respectively.For the Pt catalyst,heating the catalysts caused only the mass activity decrease due to particle sintering,whereas the specific activity and CO tolerance remained unchanged.The performance of the PtCo and PtRu catalysts is affected differently by heating.Heating the PtRu catalyst adversely affects its catalytic activity and its CO tolerance due to Pt depletion at the surface.In contrast,although Pt depletion also takes place for the heated PtCo catalysts,these catalysts show an even higher specific activity and approximately the same CO tolerance.The observed difference is likely due to the optimum atomic ratio difference for Ru/Pt and Co/Pt;an increased atomic ratio on the surface for Co/Pt results in an activity enhancement,which is contrary to the effect of the increase of Ru/Pt atomic ratio.     

基于高光谱技术的蛋白粉掺假检测研究

蛋白粉是健身者必备的营养补剂,市场需求在不断增加,一些不法商家为了谋取利益,在蛋白粉中加入廉价的粉末售卖。传统的蛋白粉掺杂的检测方法费时、费力,操作复杂,且成本昂贵。高光谱技术具有易于操作、在不损害实验样本的情况下可快速检测等优点,因此,提出使用高光谱技术以实现蛋白粉掺假检测。在蛋白粉中分别加入质量百分数5%～60%,浓度间隔5%的三类掺假物（玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉）,并采集所有样本的光谱信息。在对蛋白粉中的玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉三类掺假物进行定性判别时,首先分别采用卷积平滑（SG）、标准化（Normalize）、多元散射校正法（MSC）、基线校正（Baseline）和标准正态变换（SNV）的预处理方法对光谱数据进行处理,然后建立基于主成分回归（PCR）、反向传播神经网络（BPNN）和随机森林（RF）的模型,其中基于全波段光谱MSC预处理方法下建立的RF模型最优,其整体准确率达到了100%,其对应的R_P和RMSEP分别为0.997 9和0.018 9。在对蛋白粉中不同掺假物浓度进行定量分析时,对三类掺假样本的光谱分别进行SG,Normalize,MSC,Baseline和SNV的预处理,并建立LSSVM模型;比较不同预处理方法下的各模型之间的性能,在蛋白粉中掺玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉的LSSVM预测模型最佳预处理方法分别是无、Baseline和Normalize,然后,采用连续投影算法（SPA）和竞争性自适应重加权算法（CARS）对其筛选,并建立LSSVM模型,三类掺假样本的SPA-LSSVM模型对应的R_P为0.989 0,0.986 0和0.997 9,CARS-LSSVM模型对应的R_P为0.991 0,0.994 6和0.999 1,故三类掺假样本的CARS-LSSVM模型预测效果更佳。研究表明：高光谱技术可以实现对蛋白粉掺假的定性、定量的检测,并且操作简单、检测快速和无损。     

六角柱形NaErF_(4)和NaErF_(4)@NaYF_(4)核壳微粒制备及多色上转换荧光调控性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用简单的水热法合成了六角柱形NaErF_(4)和NaErF_(4)@NaYF_(4)核壳上转换发光材料,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和荧光光谱(PL)等表征对材料的形貌、结构和上转换发光性能进行了研究。结果表明,纯NaErF_(4)样品为六角柱形,边长和厚度均为1μm左右,样品表面光滑。随着NaYF_(4)壳层的包覆,六角相NaErF_(4)周围出现了大量的立方相NaYF_(4)纳米颗粒,得到了NaErF_(4)@NaYF_(4)核壳结构。荧光光谱表明,通过在六角柱形NaErF_(4)表面包覆NaYF_(4)壳层,可以有效增强上转换发光强度,其中,位于527,543,663 nm处的3个发射峰分别对应于Er^(3+)的^(2)H_(11/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)、^(4)S_(3/2)→^(4)I_(15/2)和^(4)F_(9/2)→^(4)I1_(5/2)能级跃迁。随着壳层中Y∶F比例的增加,立方相NaYF_(4)的晶体衍射峰逐渐增强;同时,对应的NaErF_(4)@NaYF_(4)样品发射光谱中红绿比(R/G)逐渐增大,发光颜色也从绿色、经黄绿色逐渐向黄色过渡,实现了多色发光。     

盐湖卤水中微量钒的浓度测定

为了测定盐湖卤水中微量钒的浓度,开发了一个钒的分离纯化流程来降低大量的共存离子的基质效应。该分离纯化流程包括萃取和反萃两个步骤。详细地研究了影响钒纯化效率的各种因素,得到钒的最佳分离纯化条件为:以正己烷为稀释剂,有机相中D2EHPA和TBP的体积百分比分别为30%及20%,在pH为3.0时萃取30 min;然后用3 mol/L H₂SO₄反萃 10 min。基于此分离纯化流程,将两个实际盐湖卤水样品中的微量钒纯化后,再用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定其浓度,该ICP-MS对51V 的检测灵敏度和检测限别为53 171 cps/(μg/L) 和1.88 ng/L。所得实际盐湖卤水钒测定结果的加标回收率接近100%而相对标准偏差低于0.6%,表明该方法可用于实际复杂体系中微量钒的浓度测定,例如海水和盐湖卤水。