烧结温度和升温速率对Pb(Sb1/3Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb(Sb1/3 Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48 O3 (PMS-PZT)压电陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等研究PMS-PZT陶瓷体系在烧结过程中形成的过渡液相和形成过渡液相温度(1100℃)附近的升温速率对陶瓷结构、压电和介电性能的影响.结果表明:不同烧结温度下,所有样品均为单一的钙钛矿四方相,过渡液相不会对相的结构有影响,但是当烧结温度较低时,过渡液相在烧结后期以玻璃相在晶界附近富集,对陶瓷的压电和介电性能有很大影响.随着烧结温度和升温速率的升高,PMS-PZT晶粒尺寸增大,晶粒均匀性和规则性得以改善,晶化质量得到提高;d33测试和阻抗分析测试结果表明PMS-PZT样品在1100℃附近以7 ℃·min-1升温速率并在1250℃烧结时具有最好的压电和介电性能:d33 =313 C/N,kp=0.59,Qm=1481,εr=1437,tanδ=0.53;.     

土木工程结构健康监测系统的研究状况与进展

土木工程结构健康监测的研究是近年来国际学术研究的热点问题之一,涉及许多不同的研究领域,如数据采集系统、信号处理、结构分析等.阐述了实施土木工程结构健康监测的必要性和迫切性,介绍了结构健康监测系统的概念、组成及其应用,分析研究了结构健康监测系统的各个子系统的功能、特点和实现方法,重点讨论了实现各子系统的理论、方法和存在的若干力学问题,论述了结构健康监测在国内外土木工程领域的应用状况,最后对结构健康监测领域的几个重要问题做了展望.      

Nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of an infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity based on the method of multiple scales

This paper presents a nonlinear thickness-shear vibration model for onedimensional infinite piezoelectric plate with flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity. The constitutive equations with flexoelectricity and governing equations are derived from the Gibbs energy density function and variational principle. The displacement adopted here is assumed to be antisymmetric through the thickness due to the thickness-shear vibration mode. Only the shear strain gradient through the thickness is considered in the present model. With geometric nonlinearity, the governing equations are converted into differential equations as the function of time by the Galerkin method. The method of multiple scales is employed to obtain the solution to the nonlinear governing equation with first order approximation. Numerical results show that the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration of piezoelectric plate is size dependent, and the flexoelectric effect has significant influence on the nonlinear thickness-shear vibration frequencies of micro-size thin plates. The geometric nonlinearity also affects the thickness-shear vibration frequencies greatly. The results show that flexoelectricity and geometric nonlinearity cannot be ignored in design of accurate high-frequency piezoelectric devices.     

PVP平均分子量对纳米银线制备的影响及工艺探究

利用乙二醇还原合成银纳米线.研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的平均分子量,AgNO3与PVP(平均分子量为1300000)物质的量的比,控制剂(Cl-)离子浓度对产物形貌及银纳米线长径比的影响.通过SEM、XRD测试,对不同的条件下制备的纳米银线进行微观形貌和晶体结构进行表征.实验表明,PVP平均分子量对纳米银线制备有着重要的影响且不同的PVP平均分子量需要不同的溶液浓度体系才能制备出高纯高产高长径比的纳米银线.当PVP的平均分子量为1300000,控制剂为CuCl2·2H2O和KCl,AgNO3与PVP物质的量之比为1∶2,反应时间为1h,纳米银线的直径大约为80 nm,长度大约为100 μm,长径比可高达1000多.     

超耐候乳胶漆的研究

以常用工艺制备乳胶漆,严格按照国标GB／T9755～2001《合成树脂乳液外墙涂料》,测试了乳胶漆的耐水性、耐碱性、耐擦洗性和耐候性,研究了不同类型乳液、不同颜料体积分数（PVC）、不同粉体对乳胶漆的影响。结果表明,使用硅丙乳液、PVC为0．49％且颜料为金红石型钛白粉时,乳胶漆的耐候性最好。     

A New Sandwiched-type Polyoxotungstate Containing {Cd4} Transition-metal Cluster： Synthesis,Structure and Luminescent Property

A new sandwiched polyoxometalate [HK11Cd4Cl2（PW9034）2]·18H2O （1）, incor- porating a unique hybrid tetranuclear cadmium cluster （abbreviated to {Cd4}） with two trivacant polyanions [B-α-PW9O34]9-, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, UV-vis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystal data for 1： monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 19.2997（4）, b = 13.8014（3）, c = 31.9819（8） A, β = 102.764（2）°, V= 8308.3（3） A3, Z = 4, P2O86Cl2K11Cd4W18H37, Mr = 5735.13, Dc = 4.584 mg-mm-3, F（000） = 10084, μ = 26.579 mm-1, the final R = 0.0378 and wR = 0.0989 for 6558 observed reflections （I〉 2σ（I））. X-ray crystallographic study shows that the molecular structure of 1 contains four cadmium atoms. Two CdO6 distorted octahedra and two CdOsC1 distorted octahedra combine with each other in turn via edge-sharing, resulting in a regular rhomb-like cluster sandwiched between two {B-a-PW9034} units. Further, the sandwich-type polyoxoanions were connected by K＋ ions to form a complicated 3-D open-framework through connecting with each terminal O atom of the [Cd4C12（PW9O34）2]12- polyoxoanions. In addition, compound 1 exhibits photoluminescence property at room temperature and the band gap can be assessed at 3.25 eV.     

Ultrathin Co3S4 Nanosheets that Synergistically Engineer Spin States and Exposed Polyhedra that Promote Water Oxidation under Neutral Conditions

Development of efficient and affordable electrocatalysts in neutral solutions is paramount importance for the renewable energy. Herein, we report that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of Co₃S₄ under neutral conditions can be enhanced by exposed octahedral planes and self‐adapted spin states in atomically thin nanosheets. A HAADF image clearly confirmed that the active octahedra with Jahn–Teller distortions were exposed exclusively. Most importantly, in the atomically thin nanosheets, the spin states of Co³⁺ in the octahedral self‐adapt from low‐spin to high‐spin states. As a result, the synergistic effect endow the Co₃S₄ nanosheets with superior OER performance, with exceptional low onset overpotentials of circa 0.31 V in neutral solutions, which is state‐of‐the‐art among inorganic non‐noble metal compounds.     

面向对象的串并行有限元分析系统

研究了面向对象的串并行有限元分析系统的关键实现技术。首先介绍的有限元系统类库分析,重点阐明了面向对象方法应用于串并行有限元分析所具有的优势,基于此将集成系统归纳成多个组成类库:包括数学计算类库、数据处理类库、有限元基本类库、数值分析模型类库、图形类库以及应用框架工具类库等,进而介绍分析程序的面向对象实现方法及过程,最后形成一个集成的交互式并行有限元分析框架OOParaFEA(Object OrientedParallel FEA framework)。系统快速高效的实现,表明面向对象的方法的确从软件的可维护性、可扩充性以及减少复杂性等方面带来前所未有的优势,并且由于其固有的继承特性而使其特别适合团队协作开发大型有限元分析软件,从而给我国大规模科学计算软件的研制提供一个新思路。     

基于UMAP辅助的模糊C聚类方法进行太赫兹光谱识别

太赫兹(THz)具有低能性、瞬态性、波谱分析能力强的优点,在物质鉴别方面具有广阔的应用前景。现有的基于THz的物质鉴别方法,虽然取得了一定的效果,但是存在容易陷入局部最优的问题,从而导致识别精度不高。均匀流形逼近与投影(UMAP)作为一种非线性降维方法,其假设数据均匀分布在黎曼流形上,可以对具有模糊拓扑结构的流形进行建模。UMAP降维的过程是通过最小化两个拓扑表示之间的交叉熵,从而实现低维空间中数据表示的布局优化。传统的模糊C聚类方法(FCM)在聚类时,初始聚类中心往往随机给定,当初始聚类中心选择不恰当时,容易导致错误的聚类。为此,提出一种基于UMAP辅助的模糊C聚类算法,首先运用UMAP对输入的THz样本矩阵进行降维;再根据类与类之间距离最大化的原则,选择合适的初始聚类中心;最后利用模糊C均值聚类的方法进行聚类。所提出的方法不仅能够解决聚类过程中类与类之间过度拥挤的现象,而且能够反映出类别间的距离信息以便于给样本选择合适的初始聚类中心。为了验证提出的聚类方法的可靠性,运用太赫兹时域光谱技术对鲁棉研28、鲁棉研29、鲁棉研36、中棉28四种不同类型的转基因棉花种子进行了探测,利用基于U...     

Teleportation of Multipartite State via W State

A scheme of teleporting a multi-particle state via W state is presented. The W class states serve as quantum channels. After the sender operates both Von Neumann measurements and Bell-state measurements and then inform the receiver her results, the receiver can reconstruct the original state by corresponding unitary transformation. The probability of successful teleportation is also obtained. Special example of four-particle state is discussed in detail.