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991.
水及电解质溶液界面在物理、化学、环境及生物等各种过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。百年来科学家用各种实验及理论方法研究水及电解质溶液界面,试图理解其界面的结构及动力学。最近的实验和理论研究表明离子能够影响电解质水溶液界面结构,可极化性大的阴离子甚至会在界面富集。本文综述了我们研究组近年来利用二阶非线性光学方法--非共振的二次谐波与和频振动光谱研究水及电解质溶液界面的进展。首先我们研究了空气/纯水界面非共振二次谐波信号的来源,研究结果证明了空气/纯水界面非共振二次谐波信号完全可以归结为电偶极贡献,为此方法在电解质溶液界面的研究奠定了基础。同时,用偏振及对称性分析对空气/纯水界面和频振动光谱峰进行了归属,提供了纯水/空气界面结构新的物理图像。在此基础上,我们对几种电解质水溶液界面进行了深入研究,结果证明不仅可极化性大的离子会在水界面富集,并使界面层增厚,可极化性小的阴离子对界面层厚度也有影响,甚至阳离子也会在一定程度上影响界面水分子结构。 相似文献
992.
建立了液相色谱-串联质谱分析多种肉及肉制品中利谷隆及其代谢产物3,4-二氯苯胺残留的方法。样品用丙酮-乙腈(5:95, v/v)提取,冷冻去脂,经弗罗里硅土固相萃取柱净化后进行液相色谱-串联质谱检测,采用内标法定量。利谷隆及3,4-二氯苯胺在1~500 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)均大于0.998,方法的定量限(信噪比(S/N)>10)为10 μg/kg,检出限(S/N>3)为5 μg/kg。在各种肉及肉制品基质中添加低、中、高3种不同水平的利谷隆及3,4-二氯苯胺,其回收率范围分别为88.3%~101.2%和91.6%~101.6%,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为4.8%~13.7%和4.7%~11.8%。结果表明所建立的方法可以满足肉及肉制品中利谷隆和3,4-二氯苯胺残留量的检测需要。 相似文献
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995.
Zhi-Yong HanRui Guo Pu-Sheng WangDian-Feng Chen Han XiaoLiu-Zhu Gong 《Tetrahedron letters》2011,52(45):5963-5967
An asymmetric cyclization of alkynols triggered addition of azlactones catalyzed by a combined catalyst system consisting of a chiral gold phosphate and a phosphoric acid produces conformationally restricted amino acid precursors bearing vicinal quaternary stereogenic centers in high levels of stereoselectivity. 相似文献
996.
Chen Y Zhu Y Wang Z Li Y Wang L Ding L Gao X Ma Y Guo Y 《Advances in colloid and interface science》2011,163(1):1831-52
The production of functional activated carbon materials starting from cheap natural precursors using environmentally friendly processes is a highly attractive subject in material chemistry today. Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of plant biomass to produce functional carbonaceous materials, encompassing economic, environmental and social issues. Besides the classical route to produce activated carbons from fossil materials, rice husk shows clear advantages in that it can generate a variety of cheap and sustainable carbonaceous materials with attractive nanostructure and functional patterns for a wide range of applications. From a comprehensive literature review, it was found that porous carbon that derived from rice husks, in addition to having wide availability, has fast kinetics and appreciable adsorption capacities too. Porous carbon materials also play a significant role in new applications such as catalytic supports, battery electrodes, capacitors, and gas storage. In this review, an extensive list of rice husks literature has been compiled. Conclusions have been drawn from the literature reviewed, and suggestions for future research are proposed. 相似文献
997.
Guo P Zhu G Song H Chen X Zhang S 《Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP》2011,13(39):17818-17824
Graphene nanosheets (GNSs) loading graphene-encapsulated iron microspheres (GEIMs) were fabricated by heat treatment of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONs) with ferric trichloride (FeCl(3)). The special pentagon-hexagonal graphene shells have been produced by precipitation of carbon from metal carbide solutions, thanks to the high reactivity of GONs and ferric nanoparticles dispersing homogeneously between graphene layers. The morphology, structure and elemental composition of GEIMs were investigated by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and electron energy disperse spectroscope, respectively. The formation mechanism of GEIMs was proposed. Hollow graphene microspheres (HGMs) on the GNSs were obtained with the removal of ferric species in GEIMs. When used as the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, the almost graphitic HGMs exhibit stable voltage platform at ca. 0.2 V, excellent cycle capability and higher reversible capacity of about 440 mAh g(-1) after 50 cycles and possess great potential application in lithium-ion batteries. 相似文献
998.
Fragmentation pathways of a series of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes were elucidated by electrospray ionization multistage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) in negative mode. The deprotonated ions of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes tend to eliminate a corresponding amino acid to form base peak. The hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiment, the high-resolution mass spectrometry, (13)C stable isotope labeling experiment and theoretical calculations were used to rationalize the proposed fragmentation pathways and to verify the differences between the fragmentation pathways. The results indicate that the negative molecular ions of pentacoordinated bisaminoacylspirophosphoranes dissociate through its open-chain tricoordinated tautomers. The relative Gibbs free energies (ΔG) of the product ions and proposed fragmentation pathways were estimated using the B3LYP/6-31 + + G(d, p) model. The results have some potential applications in the identification structures of similar spirophosphorane compounds by ESI-MS(n). 相似文献
999.
Sun YX Huang YX Li FL Wang HY Fan C Bao YL Sun LG Ma ZQ Kong J Li YX 《Chemistry Central journal》2012,6(1):2
Background
The virtual screening (VS) of lead compounds using molecular docking and pharmacophore detection is now an important tool in drug discovery. VS tasks typically require a combination of several software tools and a molecular graphics system. Thus, the integration of all the requisite tools in a single operating environment could reduce the complexity of running VS experiments. However, only a few freely available integrated software platforms have been developed. 相似文献1000.