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71.
C.B. Soh C.B. Tay S.J. Chua H.Q. Le N.S.S. Ang J.H. Teng 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2010,312(11):1848-1854
In this study, we report on the enhancement in the light extraction efficiency of GaN blue LEDs topped with ZnO nanorods. The ZnO nanorods were grown by a two-step hydrothermal synthesis with pre-coated ZnO nanoparticles under optimized condition to give the appropriate size and quality, giving an increase in the light output efficiency of 66%. This improvement is attributed to the optimal rod size and spacing with improved thermal dissipation as compared to light extraction from plain GaN surface. During the ZnO growth on the LEDs, 0.55 M of NH3 was added and the ZnO sample was later annealed at 475 °C in N2 ambient, to drive out interstitial oxygen atoms from the tetrahedral unstable site. As a result, a high ratio of UV to orange defect band emission was achieved. The two-step growth of ZnO nanorods on GaN LEDs was effective in generating array of ZnO nanorods which serve as reflector to enhance light extraction from LEDs. 相似文献
72.
Taking advantages of psoralen photochemistry, we have developed a new method of immobilizing DNA on gold substrate surfaces. A psoralen derivative having an alkylamine function was synthesized, and was self-assembled on gold substrate surfaces in a combined use of a thiol-derivatized molecule, 3,3′-dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) forming amide bonds on the surface. We found that by irradiating with long wavelength ultraviolet light (320-400 nm), DNA molecules added in the solution phase were covalently immobilized on the monolayer surface through the photoadduct formation of the psoralen molecules with the DNA nucleobases. The present method has its advantage that is applicable to native DNAs, no chemically modifying DNAs, in spite of its covalent immobilization principle. We have examined 12 mer synthetic oligonucleotide immobilizations and have found that the surface concentration thus attained was to be 20 pmol cm−2, which is consistent with saturated surface coverage. Interestingly, the immobilization occurred double-stranded-DNA-preferentially; no immobilization for single-stranded DNAs. Characterization of the immobilization chemistry has been achieved using atomic force microscopic imaging, infrared absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and quartz-crystal microbalance and their results were described. 相似文献
73.
74.
The pressure–velocity formulation of the Navier–Stokes (N–S) equation is solved using the radial basis functions (RBF) collocation method. The non-linear collocated equations are solved using the Levenberg–Marquardt method. The primary novelty of this approach is that the N–S equation is solved directly, instead of using an iterative algorithm for the primitive variables. Two flow situations are considered: Couette flow with and without pressure gradient, and 2D laminar flow in a duct with and without flow obstruction. The approach is validated by comparing the Couette flow results with the analytical solution and the 2D results with those obtained using the well-validated CFD-ACE™ commercial package. 相似文献
75.
When 2,2′-anhydrouridine (1) is treated with aqueous Br2, cleavage of the pyrimidine ring occurs and the 2-amino-oxazoline (2) as well as its corresponding 2-oxo-analogue (3) is formed, the structure of which was proved by investigating their acetylated derivatives, (4 and 5). Bromination of 1 in the absence of water yields the 2′,5-dibromo-uridine (6) which can be converted into the corresponding 2,2′-anhydro-derivative (7). Structures were proved by MS, NMR and IR. 相似文献
76.
Pál Sohár Antal Csámpai Gábor Magyarfalvi Angela E. Szabó Géza Stájer 《Monatshefte für Chemie / Chemical Monthly》2004,10(5):1519-1527
t-2-Benzoyl-t-4-phenylcyclohexane-r-1-carboxylic acid reacts with hydrazine to give the saturated 1,7-diphenyl-trans-phthalazin-4(3H)-one. The reaction of the acid with ethylenediamine yields diastereomeric trans-imidazo[2,3-a]isoindoles, which differ in their C-1 configuration. The cyclizations of the acid with cis-2-aminocyclohexane- or 4-cyclohexenemethanol result in trans-isoindolo[2,1-a][3,1]benzoxazines, while in its reactions with the analogous di-endo- and di-exo-norbornane- and -norborneneamino alcohols, the acid gives methylene-bridged isomeric di-endo-norbornanes or a norbornene derivative; the corresponding diastereomeric di-exo derivatives have also been prepared. After isolation, the structures were established by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, with application of DIFFNOE, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC, and 2D-COSY techniques. 相似文献
77.
6,7-Dimethoxy-2-phenyl-4-1,3-benzothiazine (1) and 6,7-dimethoxy-4-phenyl-2-1,3-benzothiazine (2) react with substituted acetyl chlorides to give linearly, and new angularly condensed β-lactam derivatives (4,5). Heating of the latter compounds with hydrogen chloride in anhydrous ethanol leads to the formation of the corresponding 4- and 2-1,3-benzothiazinium chloride, respectively. The configurations of these compounds (the mutual positions of the substituents relative to the β-lactam ring) were determined by 1H and 13C studies, also making use of the aromatic solvent-induced shifts. 相似文献
78.
The 3β-acetoxy-16β,17β-epoxymethyleneandrost-5-ene () transforms into the dihydrooxazine condensed to the sterane skeleton (,,,,,) in a ring-expansion reaction with alkyl and aryl nitriles in the presence of HBF4— diethyletherate The 3β-acetoxy-16α, 17α-epoxymethyleneandrost-5-ene () undergoes a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement under similar conditions. 相似文献
79.
Géza Stájer LászlÓ Mód Angela E. Szabó Ferenc Folöp Gábor Bernáth Pál Sohár 《Tetrahedron》1984,40(12):2385-2393
The -- amino acid with norbornene skeleton was converted into 2-aryvl---1,3-oxazin-4-ones -. These compounds, similarly to the isomers - studied by us earlier, undergo retrodiene decomposition under mild conditions to give 2-aryl-6-l,3-oxazin-6-ones (-) in 50-60% yield. The ratio of the decomposition rate constants of the tricyclic and -1,3-oxazin-4-ones, measured in toluene solution, is about 2. 相似文献
80.
The - and -2-amino-4-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acids and react with imidates to give the condensed-skeleton, bicyclic - and -pyrimidin-4-ones and . The amino acids and were reduced to the -and -1, 3-aminoalcohoIs and , which were cyclized by means of imidates to the bicyclic tetrahydro-4-3,1-benzoxazines and , or were converted, the corresponding carbamates and into the tetrahydro-4-3,1-benzoxazin-2(1)-ones and . The 2-thioxo analogues and were prepared by cyclization of the dithiocarbamates obtained from the aminoalcohols and by treatment with carbon disulphide. The -aminoalcohol and its saturated analogue reacted with -chlorobenzaldehyde to furnish the hexahydro and octahydro-4-3,1-benzoxazine , respectively. 1H and 13C NMR studies showed that, similarly to the earlier-investigated analogues containing oxygen or unsubstituted nitrogen at position 1, the synthesized isomrs , , and occurred as the preferred conformer in the heterocyclic twist inverse form of -inside type ( C6-N bond) (B). In the isomers containing a saturated C-2 atom ( and ), H-2 and H-6 are in relative positions. 相似文献