星载微光立体成像技术及实现

为了监测夜间和晨昏时段的低云大雾,实现云的三维立体成像,对微光立体成像的关键技术进行了研究。首先,介绍了微光立体成像原理,分析了成像需要解决的宽视场覆盖和多镜头布局。然后,介绍了实现微光探测需要解决的低照度成像技术及其实现方法。最后,针对观测目标照度变化较大的问题,提出了动态范围拓展技术,介绍了后期数据处理中的云雾监测技术。仿真计算结果表明：采用电子倍增CCD（EMCCD）探测器和推扫扫描成像模式、集成探测器组件以及多台相机拼接方案可有效实现微光立体成像,相机扫描幅宽超过2800km;高程分辨率〈817．7m。提出的成像技术可在低照度条件下监测低云大雾,获取高分辨率的三维立体云图,满足气象海洋探测的需求。     

热敏电阻温度计的线性化设计

基于惠斯通非平衡电桥的热敏电阻温度计,其电压—温度的关系是非线性的。在此基础上利用运算放大电路,通过选择合适的电路参数可以使电压与温度的关系线性化。实验结果与利用计算程序软件得到电压—温度特性的理论值非常接近。     

物理量单位的智能导出算法及其应用

推导物理量的单位是物理作业中不可缺少的重要环节。提出一种物理量单位的智能导出算法,即计算机根据物理量的运算式自动推导出待求物理量的单位。实验结果表明,物理量单位导出及换算算法的结果正确,对算术运算式中的物理量单位导出及换算的正确率为100%,且物理量数值的运算正确。     

Internal resonance of axially moving laminated circular cylindrical shells

The nonlinear vibrations of a thin, elastic, laminated composite circular cylindrical shell, moving in axial direction and having an internal resonance, are investigated in this study. Nonlinearities due to large-amplitude shell motion are considered by using Donnell’s nonlinear shallow-shell theory, with consideration of the effect of viscous structure damping. Differently from conventional Donnell’s nonlinear shallow-shell equations, an improved nonlinear model without employing Airy stress function is developed to study the nonlinear dynamics of thin shells. The system is discretized by Galerkin’s method while a model involving four degrees of freedom, allowing for the traveling wave response of the shell, is adopted. The method of harmonic balance is applied to study the nonlinear dynamic responses of the multi-degrees-of-freedom system. When the structure is excited close to a resonant frequency, very intricate frequency–response curves are obtained, which show strong modal interactions and one-to-one-to-one-to-one internal resonance phenomenon. The effects of different parameters on the complex dynamic response are investigated in this study. The stability of steady-state solutions is also analyzed in detail.     

Effect of defect configuration on the localization of phonons in two-dimensional phononic crystals

Effects of defect location on the defect frequency and the localization of phonons are investigated in two novel kinds of model, created by moving the location of the native cylinder and inserting an ad-cylinder in the central cellular respectively. The results show that the defect frequency in Model 1 is only related to the distance, while in Model 2, is related not only to the distance, but also to the moving direction. From the pressure distribution, obvious localization phenomenon is found. The position and shape of the localized energy are varied with the position of the defect.     

CdxHg(1−x)Te Alloy Colloidal Quantum Dots: Tuning Optical Properties from the Visible to Near‐Infrared by Ion Exchange

The energy gap between valence and conduction levels in colloidal semiconductor quantum dots can be tuned via the nanoparticle diameter when this is comparable to or less than the Bohr radius. In materials such as cadmium mercury telluride, which readily forms a single phase ternary alloy, this quantum confinement tuning can also be augmented by compositional tuning, which brings a further degree of freedom in the bandgap engineering. Here it is shown that compositional control of 2.3 nm diameter Cd_xHg_(1?x)Te nanocrystals by exchange of Hg²⁺ in place of Cd²⁺ ions can be used to tune their optical properties across a technologically useful range, from 500 nm to almost 1200 nm. Data on composition‐dependent changes in the optical properties are provided, including bandgap, extinction coefficient, emission energy and spectral shape, Stokes shift, quantum efficiency, and radiative lifetimes as the exchange process occurs, which are highly relevant for those seeking to use these technologically important QD materials.     

无次级通道建模有源噪声控制算法的实验研究

以管道中有源噪声控制为实验平台,基于ADSP21161N数字信号处理评估板实现了本文作者早先提出的不需要次级通道建模的基于LMS方法的四方向搜索型有源控制算法,并给出了该算法在实际应用中收敛系数的选取原则。针对单频和多频噪声的实验结果表明,前人两方向搜索型有源控制算法在大部分频率上都能收敛,但在次级通道相位为±90°的频率不能收敛,而本文作者所提出的四方向变收敛系数搜索型算法,在所有频率都能快速收敛。     

基于激光照明的高速船用夜视系统设计

针对高速船常用夜视设备所存在的安全隐患,提出了一种基于激光照明的高速船用夜视系统的解决方案,通过研究近红外激光夜视技术,开发出具有夜间大角度照明、作用距离远、成像清晰的全天候高速船用夜视设备,多次海上测试效果良好,可为高速船夜间安全航行提供可靠保障。     

透过式光纤陀螺偏振特性的分析

偏振波动是谐振式光纤陀螺(R-FOG)的主要噪声之一,它对信号检测精度具有重要影响。通过矩阵法得到了透过式R-FOG中由偏振波动引起的系统零漂与偏振噪声相关参数、环形谐振腔结构参数间的关系表达式。在一定的透过式R-FOG系统结构参数下,对上述解析表达式进行了数值拟合,通过估算可满足高精度透过式R-FOG系统对偏振相关参数的要求,为偏振波动噪声的理论分析和R-FOG系统的实际搭建提供了理论基础。     

Preparation of TiO2-carbon surface composites with high photoactivity by supercritical pretreatment and sol-gel processing

TiO₂-carbon surface (TCS) composites were prepared by pretreatment of a sealing substrate in supercritical carbon dioxide using paraffin as a plugging agent, and sol-gel processing using tetrabutyl orthotitanate as a precursor. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), optical absorption spectroscopy and nitrogen absorption. The photoactivity of TCS was checked by monitoring the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The results indicated that compared with TC prepared only by the sol-gel method, the small nanosize TiO₂ particles are well dispersed on carbon surface with large amount of micropores and high Eg values, meanwhile TCS have high Ti³⁺ concentration due to supercritical pretreatment providing a amount of carbon on the composite surface with interfacial energy effects, which controls the growth of TiO₂ nanoparticles, baffles the agglomeration of TiO₂ nanoparticles and easily produces Ti³⁺ ions. These are reasons why TCS has a higher efficiency of decomposing MB than TiO₂-carbon (TC) composites and pure TiO₂. Additional, it is also attributed to the fact that TCS produce a high concentration of organic compounds near TiO₂ in comparison with TC and pure TiO₂, because their surface area are greater than that of TC and pure TiO₂.