Transformation of Tetracycline by Manganese Peroxidase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

The negative impacts on the ecosystem of antibiotic residues in the environment have become a global concern. However, little is known about the transformation mechanism of antibiotics by manganese peroxidase (MnP) from microorganisms. This work investigated the transformation characteristics, the antibacterial activity of byproducts, and the degradation mechanism of tetracycline (TC) by purified MnP from Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The results show that nitrogen-limited and high level of Mn²⁺ medium could obtain favorable MnP activity and inhibit the expression of lignin peroxidase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The purified MnP could transform 80% tetracycline in 3 h, and the threshold of reaction activator (H₂O₂) was about 0.045 mmol L⁻¹. After the 3rd cyclic run, the transformation rate was almost identical at the low initial concentration of TC (77.05–88.47%), while it decreased when the initial concentration was higher (49.36–60.00%). The antimicrobial potency of the TC transformation products by MnP decreased throughout reaction time. We identified seven possible degradation products and then proposed a potential TC transformation pathway, which included demethylation, oxidation of the dimethyl amino, decarbonylation, hydroxylation, and oxidative dehydrogenation. These findings provide a novel comprehension of the role of MnP on the fate of antibiotics in nature and may develop a potential technology for tetracycline removal.     

Mixed transition-metal oxides@carbon core-shell nanostructures derived from heterometallic clusters for enhanced lithium storage

Multicomponent binary metal oxide-involved hybrid structures with unique physicochemical properties have received extensive attention due to their fascinating electrochemical performance. Herein, a flexible strategy, which involves the preparation of dual-functional heterometallic Fe₂M clusters and their subsequent sintering treatment, is developed to engineer novel 3D hierarchical porous structures assembled with MFe₂O₄（M = Co, Mn, Ni and Zn） nanoparticles confi...     

镁热还原CO2气体制备介孔石墨烯及其电容特性研究

以CO_2为原料,采用金属镁热还原法,制备出富含介孔结构的石墨烯材料。分别利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉曼光谱和N_2吸附-脱附等测试手段对材料的微观结构进行了表征。通过在镁粉中加入不同质量的MgO,可以实现对石墨烯形貌和孔结构的调控,当MgO/Mg质量比为8∶1时,产物(MRG-8)具有均一的介孔结构(4nm)。并对材料的电化学性能进行了测试,在1mol/L KOH的电解液中,MRG-8具有最高的比电容(171F/g),同时具有非常好的倍率特性,循环测试12000周,比电容保持率为94%。当采用[EMIM][BF4]离子液体作为电解液,以MRG-8为电极材料组装成的对称型超级电容器显示出超高功率密度(175k W/kg),对应的能量密度为28.1Wh/kg。因此,采用此方法制备的介孔石墨烯材料在高功率的超级电容器领域具有潜在的应用前景。     

Classical and Bayesian Inference of an Exponentiated Half-Logistic Distribution under Adaptive Type II Progressive Censoring

The point and interval estimations for the unknown parameters of an exponentiated half-logistic distribution based on adaptive type II progressive censoring are obtained in this article. At the beginning, the maximum likelihood estimators are derived. Afterward, the observed and expected Fisher’s information matrix are obtained to construct the asymptotic confidence intervals. Meanwhile, the percentile bootstrap method and the bootstrap-t method are put forward for the establishment of confidence intervals. With respect to Bayesian estimation, the Lindley method is used under three different loss functions. The importance sampling method is also applied to calculate Bayesian estimates and construct corresponding highest posterior density (HPD) credible intervals. Finally, numerous simulation studies are conducted on the basis of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samples to contrast the performance of the estimations, and an authentic data set is analyzed for exemplifying intention.     

A Mercury Iodide Adduct with 1,1‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene – Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Nonlinear Refractive Properties

A new mercury iodide complex of dppf, [HgI₂(dppf)] (adduct 1 , dppf = 1,1‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) was prepared and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis established that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2c, with a = 34.992(3), b = 10.236(5), c = 18.765(4) Å, β = 99.410(2)°, Z = 8, V = 6631.2(9) ų. The coordination about the mercury atom is tetrahedral with two equivalent Hg–I and Hg–P bonds. Dppf functions as a chelating ligand. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were studied with an 8 ns‐pulsed laser at 532 nm. Its optical responses to the incident light exhibit weak optical absorptive and strong refractive effects, with n₂ = 6.86 × 10^–18 m² · W^–1 in a 2.48 × 10^–4 mol · dm^–3 DMF solution.     

Crystal Engineering of Acentric Diamondoid Metal–Organic Coordination Networks

Acentric three‐dimensional coordination polymers bis(isonicotinato)zinc ( 1 ) and bis(4‐pyridylacrylato)cadmium⋅H₂O ( 2 ) were synthesized under hydro(solvo)thermal conditions; they exhibit a threefold (see picture) and fivefold diamondoid structure, respectively. Both 1 and 2 are active for second harmonic generation and exhibit remarkable thermal stability.     

超强激光与泡沫微结构靶相互作用提高强流电子束产额模拟研究

利用二维粒子模拟方法,本文研究了超强激光与泡沫微结构镀层靶相互作用产生强流电子束问题.研究发现泡沫区域产生了百兆高斯级准静态磁场,形成具有选能作用的"磁势垒",强流电子束中的低能端电子在"磁势垒"的作用下返回激光作用区域,在鞘场和激光场的共同作用下发生多次加速过程,从而显著提升高能电子产额.还应用单粒子模型,分析了电子在激光场作用下的运动行为,验证了多次加速的物理机理.     

200 km沙漠链路高精度光纤时频传递关键技术研究

针对沙漠环境实地链路存在的温度变化大、室外风力、地表振动等多种复杂噪声来源,通过对系统反馈补偿带宽、反馈补偿强度、光功率等时频传递系统关键参数的优化配置,研究了不同反馈补偿参数下复杂链路噪声的有效抑制技术.全链路的频率传递稳定度8×10~(-14)@1s,1×10~(-16)@1000 s,千秒尺度下时间信号传递的时间方差仅为1.2 ps.实现了氢钟信号在200 km量级沙漠环境实地链路的无损传输.该验证实验在基于短基线干涉测量的卫星测轨系统中发挥了重要作用.     

Direct evidence for hydrated protons as the active species in artificial photocatalytic water reduction into hydrogen

Photocatalytic water reduction to hydrogen over oxide semiconductors is one of the most extensively investigated artificial photocatalytic reactions, but the nature of the active species has not yet been elucidated. Here, we successfully prepared Pt/rutile TiO_2(110) surfaces with hydrated proton species via co-adsorption of hydrogen and water and observed the photocatalytic reduction of hydrated protons to H_2 upon UV light illumination. These results provide experimental evidence to prove hydrated protons as the active species for photocatalytic water reduction to hydrogen and demonstrate the occurrence of photocatalytic reduction of hydrated protons to H_2 within the H-bonding network on the catalyst surface instead of directly on the catalyst surface. The Pt-TiO_2 interface is capable of dissociating water to form hydroxyl groups that facilitate the formation of H-bonding network on the catalyst surface to enhance the photocatalytic H_2 production. Our results greatly advance fundamental understanding of artificial photocatalytic water reduction.     

基于微区LIBS菊石化石中钙元素分布的研究

化石的研究可帮助科学家了解生物的演化进程,并帮助地质学家确定地层年代等地质信息,其中不同年代地层地质元素的变化是地质研究的热门课题。为研究不同年代地层地质元素的变化,搭建了一套微区LIBS实验系统,研究菊石化石中Ca元素的分布情况。采用非对称最小二乘法去除光谱数据的基线,并确定了最优的拟合参数。采用平均值归一化算法以减小光谱强度的相对标准偏差,多元线性回归算法计算模型的回归方程。首先,通过前期实验确定微区LIBS实验系统的最佳测试参数：激光波长为1 064 nm,激光脉冲频率为30 Hz,光谱仪采集延时为700 ns。其次,选取12块经过定量标定的天然岩石样品,从中随机抽取9块样品（闪长岩、闪长玢岩、辉长辉绿岩、粗玄岩、碱长粗面岩、角闪闪长岩、黑色浮岩、斑状角闪石花岗岩、玄武玻璃）作为测试集,其余3块样品（辉石闪长岩、辉石岩、斜长花岗岩）作为预测集。选取Ca Ⅱ 393.186 nm,Ca Ⅰ 422.856 nm,Ca Ⅰ 445.572 nm,Ca Ⅱ 559.031 nm,Ca Ⅰ 616.61 nm五个特征峰的谱线强度作为自变量,测试样品的实际Ca元素含量为因变量,利用多元线性回归算法建立Ca元素的定量分析模型,经预测集检验后得平均预测精度为92.9%。对表面经打磨的菊石化石进行5×5点阵扫描,得到一系列原子光谱数据。根据Ca元素的定量分析模型,计算后得到菊石化石Ca元素的横向分布图,其横向分辨率优于100 μm。作为纵向对比,选取每个测试点的第6,11和16组光谱数据进行处理,分别得到Ca元素的横向分布图。对比可以得到菊石化石Ca元素的纵向分布情况,结果表明菊石化石在平面和空间内均呈现不均匀分布的状态, 推测实验所选取的菊石化石在形成的过程中所处周围地层地质的元素及其含量是动态变化的。菊石化石不仅可以作为判定地层年代的证据,还可以通过对菊石化石的元素分布及含量的研究推测该化石所处地层的元素信息。研究工作对于浅海地层地质的演变、环境的变化具有一定指导意义。