Modeling and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue and Acid Blue 80 Adsorption onto Potato Residue Based Activated Carbon

A study was made on the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of methylene blue(MB) and acid blue 80(AB80) onto powder of activated carbon(PAC) prepared by chemical method from dry potato residue(DPR). The PAC was characterized by N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The ma- ximum adsorption capacities of PAC for MB and AB80 at 303 K are 532.19 and 156.22 mg/g, respectively. The results indicate that the adsorption kinetics of the selected dyes on PAC is well-described by the pseudo-second order model. And their thermodynamic data were analyzed via the isotherms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Toth and Sips, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The results show that PAC is a fast and effective adsorbent for removing the cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.     

纳米碳纤维的表面改性对水电解析氢反应催化活性的影响

主要研究纳米碳纤维(CNF)的表面改性对析氢反应(HER)催化活性的影响. 首先采用一种简单易行的超声处理方法, 以混酸(浓硫酸和浓硝酸)为溶剂对CNF进行了表面化学处理, 以在其表面引入含氧(CNF-OX)官能团, 然后将CNF-OX在氨水中超声处理, 以引入含氮(CNF-ON)官能团, 以及将CNF-OX和硼酸混合经高温热解对CNF-OX进行掺B处理(B-CNF-OX). XPS结果表明, 超声处理可以成功地在CNF表面引入含氧和含氮官能团, 硼酸高温处理可以掺入B原子. 电化学测试结果表明, 经过表面改性后的CNF的HER催化性能都要好于未处理过的CNF-UN, 其中N掺杂的CNF-ON表现出最好的HER催化活性, 且CNF-OX经掺B处理后, B-CNF-OX的性能也较CNF-OX有所增强, 即三者的催化活性大小如下: CNF-OX     

Detection of Multiple Samples Based on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors and Magnetic Microbeads

Semiconductor biochemical sensors are regarded as robust tools for the detection of various targets. However, re‐use of these sensors is one of the major obstacles hindering further development. To address this problem, a multi‐objective platform was developed based on magnetic beads and the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (MBs AlGaN/GaN HEMT) device. Since the magnetic beads are capable of being fixed and released by inductance coils, the platform enables repeatability and multi‐objectivity during testing. To validate the advantages of the platform, metal ions and prostate specific antigen (PSA) were used. In this study, a platform sensing biochemical responses with a sensor was demonstrated to show the characteristics of reusability, multi‐target sensing, and simplicity, resulting in its promising prospects for widespread applications.     

紧凑型可重复运行的高功率纳秒脉冲源

讨论了一种低阻抗、高储能密度、可输出中等高压的百ns脉冲形成技术,其输出波形质量较好;采用磁感应电压叠加技术将该脉冲形成装置输出的中等高压脉冲叠加到应用需求的高电压高功率脉冲。研究表明单个感应模块可在2.8 Ω的负载上获得脉冲宽度为220 ns,前沿为50 ns的中等高压脉冲。     

Statics and dynamics of 2D colloidal crystals in a random pinning potential

We report the first experimental study of a model system of a two-dimensional colloidal crystal in a random pinning potential. The colloidal crystal consists of monodispersed charged polystyrene microspheres suspended in deionized aqueous media and confined near a rough charged surface. It is found that the static orientational correlation function g6(r) decays exponentially for intermediate and strong pinning, in agreement with theories. The driven depinning is dominated by thermally activated creep motion along 1D-like channels between regions with short-range order. A coexistence model is proposed for describing the observations.     

悬臂矩形板的对称弯曲与稳定性

运用弹性理论的里兹法,选择多项式和三角函数混合形式作为挠曲函数,讨论是悬臂形板的对称弯曲和稳定性问题,通过算例分析与比较,表明本文结果与文献基本吻合,且计算过程简单。     

嵌入L-盐酸组氨酸单晶中的Cu2+离子的EPR研究

组氨酸铜络合物是构成铜蛋白的重要组份之一。研究组氨酸铜络合物中C_x²⁺ 离子的电子顺磁共振(EPR)波谱对了解铜蛋白所参与的许多重要的生理生化过程是很重要的。本文采用电子顺磁共振技术在4.2K研究了嵌入离子C_x²⁺的盐酸组氨酸晶体。C_u²⁺离子的电子顺磁共振波谱表明,C_x²⁺离子嵌入到L-盐酸组氨酸晶体中的位置与天然的L-组氨酸铜络合物中C_x²⁺离子处于完全不同的化学环境中。嵌入到L-盐酸组氨酸晶体的C_x²⁺离子的基态是一个Kramer双重态。应用实验测定的g张量主值计算了双重态的分子轨道系数,并由此计算得到铜原子的超精细偶合常数Acu。实验结果分析指出、半充满的d轨道是3dx2型轨道,并在Z轴方向有轴向的轻微压缩。单电子d轨道的次序:3d_x² > 3d_x²-y² > 3d_yz > 3d_xz > 3d_xy。C_u²⁺离子嵌入到L-盐酸组氨酸晶体中的位置具有一个畸变的六配位体环境,近似有D₂点群对称性。     

航天器太阳帆板振动抑制的输入整形方法研究

利用输入整形与PD(比例微分)控制相结合的主动振动控制策略,在保证航天器完成三轴姿态机动的同时抑制太阳帆板的振动。首先,基于角动量定律和拉格朗日法建立了带挠性太阳帆板航天器的动力学模型。然后,在动力学模型的基础上,采用PD控制作为航天器三轴姿态机动的控制策略,利用挠性太阳帆板各阶模态的固有频率和阻尼比得到系统的输入整形器,对原始姿态机动的脉冲进行输入整形前馈控制,以抑制太阳帆板各阶模态的振动。仿真结果表明:两种输入整形方法均能抑制太阳帆板的振动,ZV(零残余振动)输入整形器简单且脉冲数量少,输入时间较短,但对于参数摄动以及输入的微小误差比较敏感,抑制振动的效果难以满足零残余振动的标准;ZVD(微分零残余振动)输入整形器脉冲数量较多,具有一定量的延时,但更为高效,鲁棒性强,能够极大地抑制挠性太阳帆板的残余振动,缩短航天器的机动稳定时间,且整个机动过程更加平稳。     

衰减全反射-紫外/可见光谱技术应用

本文对衰减全反射法(ATR)的光学测定原理、衰减全反射-紫外/可见光谱方法(ATR-UV)的特点以及它们在一些典型的工业过程溶液,如高浓度和含有大量固体颗粒和微乳液聚合等体系检测的应用进行了综述.ATR-UV光谱技术适宜实时地反馈工业过程溶液的组分改变和浓度变化,从而帮助我们了解该过程的进展.这些优良的特性能帮助我们开发在线的传感器,因此可用于监测许多典型的工业过程溶液.其方法简单、迅速,一般无需对试样进行预处理或稀释.ATR-UV作为光谱学测定的重要波段,其技术开发将在化工过程检测方面具有重要的意义.     

NdFeB永磁体下YBaCuO块材在交流磁扰动中的悬浮力磁滞特性

研究了交流磁扰动对高温超导块材和永磁体之间悬浮力的影响。实验分析了在零场冷(ZFC)条件下,不同频率的交流磁场扰动下的悬浮力曲线;另外还研究了交流磁扰动在永磁体下降和上升过程中对悬浮力的影响,发现上升过程中悬浮力受交流磁场影响较大,而在下降过程中影响则较为不明显,同时随着交流磁场幅值的增大,悬浮力的滞回曲线逐渐加宽。说明交流磁场导致了超导块磁滞损耗的增加,对超导磁浮特性的研究具有理论意义。