A comparative study of acquisition schemes for diffusion tensor imaging using MRI

This study has investigated the effects of the selection of the diffusion-weighted (DW) gradient directions on the precision of a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) experiment. The theoretical analysis provided a quantitative framework in which the noise performance of DTI schemes could be assessed objectively and for the development of novel DTI schemes, which employ multiple DW gradient directions. This generic framework was first applied to the examination of two commonly used DTI schemes, which employed 6 DW gradient directions and hitherto were used indiscriminately under the sole condition of noncollinearity. It was then used to design and assess a novel 12-DW-gradient-direction DTI protocol, which employed the same total number of DW acquisitions as the two conventional schemes (12). This theoretical investigation was then corroborated using rigorous simulation and DTI experiments on both an isotropic phantom and a healthy human brain. Both the theoretical and the experimental analysis demonstrated that the two conventional schemes showed a significantly different noise performance and that use of the new multiple-DW-gradient-direction scheme clearly improved the precision of the DTI measurements.     

红光InAlAs量子点的结构和光学性质

利用ＭＢＥ方法在（００１）衬底上成功地生长密度大、尺寸小、发红光的ＩｎＡｌＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ量子点结构。通过原子力显微镜观察表明,ＩｎＡｌＡｓ量子的密度和大小都随覆盖厚度的增加而增大;发现Ａｌ原子的表面迁移率决定ＩｎＡｌＡｓ量子点的形貌,光荧光谱证实了量子点的发光峰值在红光范围,并结合形貌的统计得到了量子点的发光峰展宽主要昌受量子点的横向尺寸影响。     

高温高压下纳米金刚石粉的特性研究

 研究了炸药爆轰合成的纳米金刚石粉在高温（约1 600 K）、高压（5.2 GPa）条件下的行为。将纳米金刚石粉与粉末合金（Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅、100^#）混合、压制成圆片,与合金片 （Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅）和人造石墨片一起交替放入高温高压合成腔体内,进行高温高压实验。实验结果表明：在高温高压条件下,纳米金刚石粉不能长大,反而石墨化了;在相同的高压和保温时间条件下,随着温度的降低,纳米金刚石粉的石墨化程度减弱,纳米金刚石粉的纳米颗粒长大,可长成0.1 mm尺寸的金刚石颗粒（温度为1 070 K左右）。而在此条件下,人造石墨不能合成金刚石,一般金刚石晶体要变成石墨相。这进一步表明,纳米金刚石颗粒表面的活性使得它可以在较低的温度下长成较大颗粒的金刚石。     

La(BO_2)_3基质中Eu~(3+)的发光性质与晶体结构的关系

采用高温固相反应合成了 (La1-xEux) (BO2 ) 3 ,利用X射线粉末衍射方法确定其晶体结构 ,利用红外光谱探讨了 [BO3 ]单元的聚合情况。根据 (La1-xEux) (BO2 ) 3 所属空间群中等效点系的对称性分析及Eu3 + 的荧光光谱 ,详细地探讨了Eu3 + 的发光性质与其所处格位点对称性的关系。La(BO2 ) 3 ∶Eu3 + 体系中 ,Eu3 + 出现较强的5D0 →7F1磁偶极跃迁 ,因而Eu3 + 主要占据点对称性为Ci 的格位 ,出现的其它跃迁是部分Eu3 + 占据偏离Ci 的格位 ,而并非占据C2 或C1格位 ,另外 ,5D0 →7F4 跃迁发射很强 ,其原因尚不清楚。选择适当的助熔剂可以提高样品的结晶程度 ,有利于Eu3 + 占据严格的Ci 格位 ,增强材料的发光性能。     

Entropy of a Black Hole with Distinct Surface Gravities

In gravitational thermodynamics, the entropy of a black hole with distinct surface gravities can be evaluated in a microcanonical ensemble. At the WKB level, the entropy becomes the negative of the Euclidean action of the constrained instanton, which is the seed for the black hole creation in the no-boundary universe. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, we prove the quite universal formula in Euclidean quantum gravity that the entropy of a nonrotating black hole is one quarter the sum of the products of the Euler characteristics and the areas of the horizons. For Lovelock gravity, the entropy and quantum creation of a black hole are also studied.     

A new class of complementarity functions for symmetric cone complementarity problems

A popular approach to solving the complementarity problem is to reformulate it as an equivalent equation system via a complementarity function. In this paper, we propose a new class of functions, which contains the penalized natural residual function and the penalized Fischer–Burmeister function for symmetric cone complementarity problems. We show that this class of functions is indeed a class of complementarity functions. We finally prove that the merit function of this new class of complementarity functions is coercive.     

拉脱法测液体表面张力系数的改进

对拉脱法测定液体表面张力系数的实验作了改进．减小Ⅱ形框横丝长度L,减短Ⅱ形框侧丝长度b,对由此引出的自升现象、α的计算公式等问题进行了相应的分析和处理,使实验用液量由原来的100mL减为5mL,并且提高了测量准确度。     

Study of decay mechanisms in B--->Lambdac+ppi- decays and observation of low-mass structure in the Lambdac+p system

Using a sample of 152 x 10(6) BB pairs accumulated with the Belle detector at the KEKB e+e- collider, we study the decay mechanism of three-body charmed decay B- --> Lambdac+ ppi-. The intermediate two-body decay B--->Sigmac (2455)0 p is observed for the first time with a branching fraction of (3.7 +/- 0.7 +/- 0.4 +/- 1.0) x 10(-5) and a statistical significance of 8.4sigma. We also observe a low-mass enhancement in the (Lambdac+p) system, which can be parametrized as a Breit-Wigner function with a mass of (3.35(-0.02)(+0.01) +/-0.02) GeV/c2 and a width of (0.07(-0.03)(+0.04) +/-0.04) GeV/c2. We measure its branching fraction to be (3.9(-0.7)(+0.8) +/- 0.4 +/- 1.0) x 10(-5) with a statistical significance of 6.2sigma. The errors are statistical, systematic, and that of the Lambdac+-->pK- pi+ decay branching fraction.     

ICP-AES测定邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠作用下土壤中重金属全量及形态分析

空白土壤作为质量控制样品,采用邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠进行处理土壤样品为对照,用HNO₃-HF-HClO₄混酸对土壤样品进行消化,运用等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定了提取处理后土壤样品中Mo, Pb, As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni的全量以及酸可提取态、氧化物结合态、有机结合态三种化学形态的含量。获知不同pH的邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液对土壤中重金属全量及形态转化作用的影响。结果表明：除Pb和Zn外,投加不同pH邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液对土壤中重金属全量的消解和测定有促进作用。邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液对土壤中Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb的酸可提取态、对土壤中As, Hg, Pb, Zn的氧化结合态、对土壤中As和Hg的有机结合态的转化有促进作用。在pH 5.8时,Cu和Hg的酸可提取态的含量最大值分别为2.180和0.632 mg·kg-1;在pH 6.2时,Pb的氧化结合态的含量最大值为27.792 mg·kg-1;在pH 6.0时,Hg的有机结合态含量最大值为4.715 mg·kg-1。     

余弦二值编码纯相位全息图的数字微镜器件显示

分析了采用错误减算法的迭代过程,在已知物波函数傅里叶谱的振幅和物波函数振幅的情况下恢复出纯相位的物波函数,最大限度地保留物波的振幅及相位信息.提出采用余弦二值编码生成二值全息图,即全息图的透射率函数取0或1.二值全息图通过数字微镜器件全息显示系统进行了重构显示,重构效果很好.理论分析了数字微镜器件的衍射效率,表明其最大衍射效率仅和微镜之间的间隔尺寸与微镜边长之比有关.余弦二值编码方法从理论上消除了零级衍射,可以制作像素较多的全息图.