A hidden rule in metal sulfide fullerenes: A case study of Sc2S@C88

To elucidate the structure of a compound is a necessary step for its practical applications. To study the structure and properties of metal sulfide fullerene Sc₂S@C₈₈ detected by mass spectrometry, 11 194 isomers of C₈₈ and 33 isomers of Sc₂S@C₈₈ were systematically examined by density functional theory calculations. The calculations show that the two lowest‐energy isomers are Sc₂S@C₈₈:81 738 (IPR‐35) and Sc₂S@C₈₈:81 735 (IPR‐32), followed by Sc₂S@C₈₈:81 729 (IPR‐26), Sc₂S@C_88:81 712 (IPR‐9), and Sc₂S@C_88:81 733 (IPR‐30). Structural analysis shows that the first two energetically favored isomers are bridged by the third and fifth energetically favored isomers, which can transfer into each other via direct Stone–Wales rotation. The calculations of temperature effect show that the first two favored isomers become dominant forms of Sc₂S@C₈₈ with decreasing temperature and may coexist in the soot. This structural convertibility among favored isomers of Sc₂S@C₈₈ suggest a hidden rule that birds of a feather flock together in metal sulfide fullerenes. This rule may decrease the range of candidate cages for the structural identification of a metal sulfide fullerene. IR spectra are simulated for helping the future experimental identification of Sc₂S@C₈₈.     

Quantum reaction dynamics of C(1D) + HD → CH(CD) + D(H) on the ground state potential energy surface

We present accurate quantum dynamic calculations of the reaction C(¹D) + HD on the latest version of the potential energy surface [Zhang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 140, 234301 (2014)]. Using a Chebyshev real wave packet method with full Coriolis coupling, we obtain the initial state‐specified ( ) reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, and rate constants. The resulting probabilities display oscillatory structures due to numerous long‐lived resonances supported by the deep potential well. The calculated rate constants and CD/CH product branching ratio at room temperature are in reasonably good agreement with the experimental measurements.     

One-pot copper-catalyzed synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles from 2-iodoanilines,benzyl chlorides and elemental sulfur

An efficient one-pot three-component reaction of 2-iodoanilines, benzyl chlorides and elemental sulfur to form 2-substituted benzothiazoles in satisfactory yields (up to 98%) has been described. The reaction tolerated a wide range of functional groups on the aromatic ring. And heterocycle methylene chlorides substrates were also found to be compatible.     

氮化SBA-16负载镍基催化剂的制备及其对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的催化性能

通过软模板法合成了SBA-16分子筛,采用高温氨气氮化的方法使有序介孔硅材料中的氧原子部分被氮原子取代,得到氮化的SBA-16载体(SBA-16-N)。采用满孔浸渍法制备了镍基催化剂,并将制得的Ni/SBA-16和Ni/SBA-16-N催化剂用于甲烷二氧化碳重整反应。通过透射电镜、氮气物理吸附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和二氧化碳程序升温脱附等手段研究了载体和催化剂的结构,并利用热重分析对反应之后回收催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,高温氮化后的分子筛中掺入了氮元素,增加了载体的碱性,改善了载体对反应气体的吸附活化能力,增强了载体与金属之间的相互作用,从而提高了催化剂的活性和抗积炭性能。     

SO42-掺杂对Nasicon型Li3Fe2(PO4)3正极材料电化学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法用S\begin{array}{c}{O}_4^{2-}\end{array}部分代替Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃中的P\begin{array}{c}{O}_4^{3-}\end{array}阴离子制得Li_3-xFe₂(PO₄)_3-x(SO₄)_x(x=00.90)正极材料, 通过X射线衍射、 充放电技术、 循环伏安特性测试及电化学阻抗谱表征了掺杂材料的相组成及电化学性能. 结果表明, S\begin{array}{c}{O}_4^{2-}\end{array}主要以固溶形式存在于Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃中, 产物中还伴有少量Fe₂O₃第二相析出. S\begin{array}{c}{O}_4^{2-}\end{array}掺杂使Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃的放电容量呈抛物线形规律变化, 并在掺杂浓度x=0.60时达到最佳值, 该样品在0.5C倍率下的首次放电容量为111.59 mA·h/g, 比未掺杂的样品提高了18.4%; 60次循环充放电后的容量保持率为96%; 将该样品的放电倍率由0.5C逐渐提高至5C, 再降至0.5C, 并在每个倍率下循环10次, 材料的最终放电容量仍能达到首次放电容量的97%. 导致这些变化的原因是S\begin{array}{c}{O}_4^{2-}\end{array}掺杂使材料的氧化还原性能增强, 电池内阻减小, 极化程度降低及Li⁺扩散系数增大.     

Liquid crystal biosensor for detecting ischemia modified albumin

Research on Chemical Intermediates - Ischemia modified albumin detection has great significance in early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial ischemia. In this study, anti-IMA was immobilized on...     

SO_2和H_2O(g)对新疆高钠煤中钠挥发和形态迁移的研究

在水平管式炉上进行了400-1 100℃新疆高钠煤恒温燃烧实验,并利用逐级提取的方法分析煤及煤灰中钠的赋存形态,研究煤中钠的释放和形态迁移特性。重点考察700和1100℃下H_2O(g)和SO_2(g)单因素及双因素对煤中无机钠挥发和形态迁移的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,煤中钠的释放比例逐渐增大,其中,有机态钠最先析出,其次是水溶态无机钠,硅铝酸盐形式的无机钠则由于高热稳定性不易分解或挥发。低温下(700℃)H_2O(g)的存在降低了钠的挥发,而较高温度下(1 100℃)焦炭与水蒸气反应生成的局部还原性气氛促进煤中钠的挥发,但当入口气氛中H_2O(g)浓度高于20%时,促进作用减小。SO_2的存在抑制了煤中钠的挥发,随着燃烧温度升高,SO_2对钠的抑制作用减弱。H_2O和SO_2双因素作用下,低温下(700℃)抑制了煤中钠的挥发,而较高温度下(1 100℃)钠的挥发特性取决于两者在入口气氛中的浓度。对于选取的高钠煤,20%H2O和2.0×10-3SO_2入口气氛下,1 100℃煤燃烧钠的挥发比例由86%提高到了87.1%。     

水热法制备p-CoFe_2O_4/n-CdS及其光催化制氢性能

水热法制备了系列p-n复合半导体p-CoFe_2O_4/n-CdS。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学工作站等对制得的光催化剂进行了结构和性能表征。研究了p-CoFe_2O_4/n-CdS复合光催化剂的可见光催化制氢性能及光腐蚀性能,并对光催化活性的提高、反应条件的影响及光腐蚀行为的抑制机理进行了分析。结果表明:由于CoFe_2O_4和CdS两种窄带隙半导体复合增加了光吸收率;CdS独特的树形结构以及CoFe_2O_4和CdS二者复合所产生的能带交迭和内建电场的三重作用,促进了电子从CoFe_2O_4向CdS的迁移,减少电子-空穴对复合的概率,增强了光催化活性。光生电子-空穴对的分离效率以及光催化剂表面吸附性能都对产氢速率有重要影响。CH_3OH水溶液的pH对光催化剂中光生电子-空穴对的分离效率以及光催化剂表面吸附性能都有影响。牺牲剂CH_3OH的加入以及CoFe_2O_4和CdS二者复合所产生的能带交迭和内建电场的作用都对CdS的光腐蚀起了抑制作用,后者的抑制效果更好。     

卤化钙钛矿太阳能电池材料理论研究进展

卤化钙钛矿由于具有低成本、高效率等特点,最近作为非常有前景的太阳能电池吸收层材料被广泛研究。卤化钙钛矿型太阳能电池效率在短短的几年间由3.8%(2009年)迅速增加到22.1%(2016年)。卤化钙钛矿型太阳能电池的出现彻底改变了太阳能电池领域,不仅因为它们快速增长的效率,而且因为它们在材料生长和结构方面的可控性。卤化钙钛矿型太阳能电池的优越性能说明卤化钙钛矿材料具有独特的物理性质。在本综述中,我们总结了卤化钙钛矿材料最近几年在结构、电学、光学方面的理论研究成果,这些都与它们在太阳能电池方面的应用密切相关。我们也将探讨一些卤化钙钛矿型太阳能电池目前遇到的挑战以及可能的理论解决途径。     

Theoretical Investigation on Photoionization and Dissociative Photoionization of Toluene

The photoionization and dissociation photoionization of toluene have been studied using quantum chemistry methods.The geometries and frequencies of the reactants,transition states and products have been performed at B3LYP/6-311++G (d,p) level,and single-point energy calculations for all the stationary points were carried out at DFT calculations of the optimized structures with the G3B3 level.The ionization energies of toluene and the appearance energies for major fragment ions,C₇H₇⁺,C₆H₅⁺,C₅H₆⁺,C₅H₅⁺,are determined to be 8.90,11.15 or 11.03,12.72,13.69,16.28 eV,respectively,which are all in good agreement with published experimental data.With the help of available published experimental data and theoretical results,four dissociative photoionization channels have been proposed:C₇H₇⁺+H,C₆H₅⁺+CH₃,C₅H₆⁺+C₂H₂,C₅H₅⁺+C₂H₂+H.Transition structures and intermediates for those isomerization processes are determined in this work.Especially,the structures of C₅H₆⁺ and C₅H₅⁺ produced by dissociative photoionization of toluene have been defined as chain structure in this work with theoretical calculations.