The key factors in fabrication of high-quality ordered macroporous copper film

The template-directed fabrication of highly-ordered porous film is of significant importance in implementation of the photonic band gap structure. The paper reports a simple and effective method to improve the electrodeposition of metal porous film by utilizing highly-ordered polystyrene spheres (PSs) template. By surface-modification method, the hydrophobic property of the PSs template surfaces was changed into hydrophilic one. It was demonstrated that the surface modification process enhanced the permeability of the electrolyte solution in the nanometer-sized voids of the colloidal template. The homogeneously deposited copper film with the highly-ordered voids in size of less than 500 nm was successfully obtained. In addition, it was found that large defects, such as microcracks in the template, strongly influenced the macroporous films quality. An obvious preferential growth in the cracked area was observed.     

Lp-Estimate for Linear Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations

This paper is concerned with coupled linear forward-backward stochastic differential equations(FBSDEs, for short). When the homogeneous coefficients are deterministic(the non-homogeneous coefficients can be random), we obtain an L^p-result(p > 2), including the existence and uniqueness of the p-th power integrable solution, a p-th power estimate, and a related continuous dependence property of the solution on the coefficients, for coupled linear FBSDEs in the monotonicity framework ...     

A Bowen type rigidity theorem for non-cocompact hyperbolic groups

We establish a Bowen type rigidity theorem for the fundamental group of a noncompact hyperbolic manifold of finite volume (with dimension at least 3).      

Photoionization Detector for Portable Rapid GC

With the development of portable rapid gas chromatography (GC) for environmental monitoring the photoionization detector (PID) has potential application. The frequent calibration required and the relatively large dead volume have limited the use of the PID, however. An improved PID which resolves these problems is proposed in this paper. Compared with a commercial instrument, signal generation, the main aspect of the improved PID, has also been optimized. In the improved PID the sample is directed to flow across the lamp window, rather than toward the lamp, and a new, simple automatic self-cleaning technique, which effectively eliminates contaminants and substantially reduces drift, has also been adopted. Use of new electrodes has effectively reduced the background noise and dead volume of the PID. As a result of this new design the PID should be more compatible with rapid portable GC in environmental monitoring, because of elimination of most of the tedious cleaning and calibration previously necessary.     

丝氨酸蛋白酶中催化三元组内氢键的作用

为了探究丝氨酸蛋白酶催化效率的来源,本文分别研究了丝氨酸酶催化水解多肽CI2、MCTI-A和六肽(SUB)的过程中催化三元组内的氢键所起的作用. 首先采用QM/MM-MD方法计算了在酶-底物复合物和过渡态下组氨酸和天冬氨酸之间质子转移的自由能曲线. 结果表明低能垒氢键仅在CI2酰化反应的过渡态区域形成,而在MCTI-A和SUB酰化反应中均是正常氢键. 与MCTI-A相比,CI2和SUB体系中氢键强度在过渡态时显著增强,因此相应的酰化反应能垒明显降低. 过渡态区域形成的低能垒氢键显然有助于加速酰化反应,同时研究也表明正常氢键也有可能降低能垒. 氢键降低能垒的关键则在于过渡态下氢键强度的增加程度,而不是其是否生成了低能垒氢键. 本文为研究催化三元组间的氢键在丝氨酸蛋白酶中的作用提供了新思路,并有助于理解丝氨酸蛋白酶中催化三元组的催化机制.     

Insight into the chemomechanical coupling mechanism of kinesin molecular motors

Kinesin is a two-headed biological molecular motor that can walk processively on microtubule via consumption of ATP molecules. The central issue for the molecular motor is how the chemical energy released from ATP hydrolysis is converted to the kinetic energy of the mechanical motion, namely the mechanism of chemomechanical coupling. To address the issue, diverse experimental methods have been employed and a lot of models have been proposed. This review focuses on the proposed models as well as the qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the results derived from the models and those from the structural, biochemical and single-molecule experimental studies.     

金属和非金属原子间协同效应调控气体小分子的吸附特性研究

采用基于密度泛函理论方法系统地研究了单个NO和CO小分子在非金属(B和N)与金属Ni原子共掺杂石墨烯(Bx-Ny-gra-Ni,x+y=0,1,2,3)表面的吸附特性,分析了吸附气体小分子的几何结构,吸附能,电荷转移量以及引起体系磁性变化等情况.研究结果表明：NO和CO倾向于吸附在Ni原子的顶位,B和N掺杂原子的数量和比例能够有效地调制小分子的吸附强度;与吸附的CO分子相比,Bx-Ny-gra-Ni表面吸附的NO分子能获得较多的电荷,进而表现出高的稳定性.此外,利用吸附的气体小分子与衬底间相互作用强度和灵敏性的差异、以及引起反应衬底的磁性变化将为设计石墨烯基气敏、催化和电子器件提供重要参考.     

绿色环保化学机械抛光液的研究进展

原子级加工制造是实现半导体晶圆原子尺度超光滑表面的有效途径.作为大尺寸高精密功能材料的原子级表面制造的重要加工手段之一,化学机械抛光(chemical mechanical polishing,CMP)凭借化学腐蚀和机械磨削的耦合协同作用,成为实现先进材料或器件超光滑无损伤表面平坦化加工的关键技术,在航空、航天、微电子等众多领域得到了广泛应用.然而,为了实现原子层级超滑表面的制备,CMP工艺中常采用的化学腐蚀和机械磨削方法需要使用具有强烈腐蚀性和高毒性的危险化学品,对生态系统产生了不可逆转的危害.因此,本文以绿色环保高性能抛光液作为对象,对加工原子量级表面所采用的化学添加剂进行分类总结,详尽分析在CMP过程中化学添加剂对材料表面性质调制的作用机理,为在原子级尺度下改善表面性质提供可参考的依据.最后,提出了CMP抛光液在原子级加工研究中面临的挑战,并对未来抛光液发展方向作出了展望,这对原子尺度表面精度的进一步提升具有深远的现实意义.