Label‐ and modification‐free‐based in situ selection of bovine serum albumin specific aptamer

Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment is a traditional approach to select aptamer, which has a great potential in biosensing field. However, chemical modifications of DNA library or targets before selection might block the real recognition and binding sites between aptamers and their targets. In this study, a label‐ and modification‐free‐based in situ selection strategy was developed to overcome this limitation. The strategy is an attempt to screen bovine serum albumin aptamers according to the principle of electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and allowed single‐stranded DNA sequence to be fully exposed to interact with bovine serum albumin which was mixed with the agarose gel beforehand. After eight rounds of selection, specific aptamer with low dissociation constant (K_d) value of 69.44 ± 7.60 nM was selected and used for subsequent establishment of fluorescence biosensor. After optimization, the optimal aptasensor exhibited a high sensitivity toward bovine serum albumin with a limit of detection of 0.24 ng/mL (linear range from 1 to 120 ng/mL). These results indicated that the label‐ and modification‐free‐based in situ selection strategy proposed in this work could effectively select specific aptamer to develop aptasensor for sensitive detection of bovine serum albumin or other targets in actual complicated samples.     

Influence of Side‐Chain Composition on Polythiophene Properties and Supramolecular Assembly of Anionic Polythiophene Derivatives

A series of 10 polythiophene derivatives is reported, in which each polymer has a different percentage of carboxylic acid‐bearing repeat units. The properties of these polymers are explored under acidic conditions, where the carboxylic acid moieties remain neutral, and under basic conditions, where the carboxylic acid units become anionic carboxylates. The properties that are examined for both solutions and films include UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and red‐edge optical band gaps. All the properties studied are strongly dependent both on protonation state and percentage of carboxylic acid/carboxylate side chains along the polymer backbone. The anionic form of each polythiophene derivative was also used in layer‐by‐layer film deposition with a cationic phosphonium polyelectrolyte. The film growth process was studied by spectroscopic techniques to assess the influence of side‐chain composition on the film growth and optical properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019     

Synthesis of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by a modified sol–gel method for lithium-ion battery

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was prepared by a modified sol–gel method, selecting ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and citric acid as the co-chelating agent. The mole ratios of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to metal ion (Mⁿ⁺) were 0:1, 1:1 and 2:1. The obtained samples were characterized by XRD, BET and SEM. The XRD showed that LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ had good crystallinity and well-ordered layered structure. After calcined at 850 °C, the LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ particles exhibited a three-dimensional space network structure, which was greatly correlated with the ratio of EDTA to metal ion. The LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ obtained from a mole ratio of 1:1 (EDTA:Mⁿ⁺) had the best electrochemical performance. The reversible capacities were reached 168 and 100 mAh/g at 1C and 10C discharge rate, respectively. The result of the cycling performance showed a high capacity maintenance ratio of 89.3 % at 1C and 25 °C after 50 cycles. The further electrochemical performance was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.     

In vivo metabolism study of bergenin in rats by HPLC‐QTOF mass spectrometry

Bergenin is the major component of Ardisia creanta sims and Rodgersia sambucifolia hemsl with many biological activities. Although bergenin has been used to treat human diseases in China for man years, there is no report regarding its metabolism. This is the first report to separate and identify the metabolites of bergenin in vivo. In the study, HPLC/Q‐TOF‐MS/MS was used to investigate the metabolites of bergenin in vivo by analyzing the rat body fluid and feces samples. Three metabolites of bergenin were finally identified by the TIC chromatograms, and the structures were also confirmed by their MS² spectra. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of the Li⋅⋅⋅π Interaction on the H/X⋅⋅⋅π Interactions in HOLi⋅⋅⋅C6H6⋅⋅⋅HOX/XOH (X=F,Cl, Br,I) Complexes

The influences of the Li???π interaction of C₆H₆???LiOH on the H???π interaction of C₆H₆???HOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and the X???π interaction of C₆H₆???XOH (X=Cl, Br, I) are investigated by means of full electronic second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory calculations and “quantum theory of atoms in molecules” (QTAIM) studies. The binding energies, binding distances, infrared vibrational frequencies, and electron densities at the bond critical points (BCPs) of the hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds prove that the addition of the Li???π interaction to benzene weakens the H???π and X???π interactions. The influences of the Li???π interaction on H???π interactions are greater than those on X???π interactions; the influences of the H???π interactions on the Li???π interaction are greater than X???π interactions on Li???π interaction. The greater the influence of Li???π interaction on H/X???π interactions, the greater the influences of H/X???π interactions on Li???π interaction. QTAIM studies show that the intermolecular interactions of C₆H₆???HOX and C₆H₆???XOH are mainly of the π type. The electron densities at the BCPs of hydrogen bonds and halogen bonds decrease on going from bimolecular complexes to termolecular complexes, and the π‐electron densities at the BCPs show the same pattern. Natural bond orbital analyses show that the Li???π interaction reduces electron transfer from C₆H₆ to HOX and XOH.     

Interactions between apolar,basic and acidic model oils and a calcite surface

Abstract

In this study, the atomic force microscopy colloidal probe technique was employed to investigate the interaction between apolar, basic and acidic model oil probes and a calcite surface in solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl, CaCl₂ and Na₂SO₄. In the presence of SO₄^2?, hydration and structural forces were observed between apolar model oil probes and a calcite surface on approach. Relatively low adhesion forces were observed between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface, while higher adhesion forces were observed between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface. Furthermore, the adhesion forces between the basic model oil probes and the calcite surface significantly increased in the presence of SO₄^2?, while the adhesion force between the acidic model oil probes and the calcite surface decreased in the presence of Ca²⁺ or SO₄^2?. The differences in the adhesion forces are related to electrostatic attraction and ion bridging forces between the model oil probes and the calcite surface.     

Pt粒大小对PtNaY/HY体系氢溢出效应的影响

负载型金属催化剂的表面溢出效应(Spillover)是指吸附在金属上的物种可沿固体表面转移到担体上去的现象,是金属活性组分与担体相互作用的一个重要方面。近年来随着金属与担体之间强相互作用(SMSI)研究的逐渐深入,人们注意到溢出效应在SMSI中的重要作用。虽然提出溢出效应已有20多年的历史,并且人们采用不同的实验方法对此进行了广泛的研究,但对以分子筛为担体的负载型金属催化剂体系溢出效应的研究仍比较少。影     

Direct immobilization of iodine-loaded silver-coated silica gel with silicate glass powders at low temperature

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - To long-term immobilization of secondary iodine-waste, iodine loaded silver-coated silica-gel (AgIs), glass-powder was used to directly solidify...     

亚微米级Cu0/Fe3O4复合物多相催化过一硫酸盐降解有机污染物

过一硫酸盐催化活化技术因其可产生强氧化性活性氧化物种,可快速氧化降解并矿化有机污染物的优异性能而备受关注.本文成功制备了亚微米级Cu0/Fe3O4复合物,发现其能多相催化过一硫酸盐产生单线态氧降解有机污染物.首先,以CuCl2·2H2O,FeCl2·4H2O和FeCl3·6H2O为铜源和铁源,水合肼为还原剂,采用水热法在180oC反应24 h制备了亚微米级磁性Cu0/Fe3O4复合物.表征结果显示,所制材料为Cu0和Fe3O4的复合物,颗粒大小约为220 nm;单一相Cu0和Fe3O4晶体粒径分别为33.8和106.2 nm,而Cu0/Fe3O4复合物中Cu0和Fe3O4晶体粒径分别减为20.8和31.9 nm.这表明Cu0和Fe3O4复合降低了Cu0和Fe3O4晶体粒径,有利于Cu0和Fe3O4的分散.BET测试结果表明,Cu0/Fe3O4复合物比表面积为4.6 m2/g,与Cu0颗粒的(4.2 m2/g)相当,但远小于Fe3O4的(15.6 m2/g).制备的Cu0/Fe3O4复合物可有效催化过一硫酸盐产生单线态氧降解罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、金橙II、苯酚和对氯酚.当Cu0/Fe3O4复合物的用量为0.1 g/L,过一硫酸盐浓度为0.5 mmol/L和初始pH为7时,Cu0/Fe3O4复合物可在30 min内完全降解20μmol/L的罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、金橙II以及0.1 mmol/L的苯酚和对氯酚.对比试验显示,在相同条件下,Cu0和Fe3O4颗粒分别可以降解28%和20%的罗丹明B.这表明Cu0/Fe3O4复合物中的Cu0和Fe3O4晶体在催化过一硫酸盐降解污染物的反应中具有协同作用,这主要来源于Cu0/Fe3O4复合物中Cu0和Fe3O4的晶体粒径变小和更好的分散.采用分光光度法测定了降解反应液中铜和铁离子的溶出量.当Cu0/Fe3O4复合物的用量为0.1 g/L,过一硫酸盐浓度为0.5 mmol/L和初始pH为7时,反应60 min后,降解液中铜和铁离子的浓度分别为0.22和0.1 mg/L,仅占复合物中总铜和总铁量的1.1%和0.2%,表明Cu0/Fe3O4复合物具有较强的化学稳定性.所制Cu0/Fe3O4复合物具有超顺磁性,借助磁场实现快速分离回收,可循环利用五次,表明其优越的催化稳定性.通过加入乙醇和叠氮化钠,考察了Cu0/Fe3O4复合物催化活化过一硫酸盐体系中的活性氧化物种.发现100 mmol/L乙醇的加入对污染物的降解无明显影响,而加入同等量的叠氮化钠可完全抑制污染物的降解,表明Cu0/Fe3O4复合物催化活化过一硫酸盐产生的主要活性氧物种为单线态氧.采用电子顺磁共振谱进一步证实了单线态氧的生成.基于以上研究,Cu0/Fe3O4复合物催化活化过一硫酸盐的机理为Cu0/Fe3O4作为一个电子媒介加速过一硫酸盐和污染物之间的电子转移,从而导致污染物被快速降解.该反应机理不同于常见的金属催化过一硫酸盐产生硫酸根和羟自由基的反应机理.我们推测,电导性优良的Cu0在此催化反应中起着关键性作用.本催化方法可作为一种绿色的氧化技术用于环境污染物的氧化降解处理.     

Cu分隔开的Pd单原子用于乙炔选择加氢:Cu担载量的影响

大量乙烯中少量乙炔的去除是化工生产中的重要过程之一,理想途径是将其选择加氢生成乙烯.负载型Pd催化剂因具有很高的乙炔转化率而被广泛用于该过程,但乙烯选择性很低,同时会使原料气中的乙烯被加氢,造成原料气的浪费.采用其它元素对Pd纳米粒子表面修饰,覆盖部分活性位,可以在一定程度上提高乙烯选择性,但是会大大降低Pd的利用率.因此,制备兼具高活性和高选择性且经济实用的催化剂,仍是这一过程亟待解决的主要问题之一.我们的前期工作中,将Pd与IB族金属(Au,Ag,Cu)分别结合制备得到了一系列含Pd的合金单原子催化剂(SAC),发现它们在大量乙烯存在条件下的乙炔选择加氢反应中表现出优异的催化性能.其中,Pd的用量仅为ppm级别,大大提高了Pd的利用率.作为IB族最为廉价的金属,Pd与Cu形成的合金SAC在提高Pd原子利用率的同时,能够进一步降低催化剂的经济成本.然而,当形成合金SAC时,Cu/Pd原子比例的极限值仍然不确定.本文通过固定Pd的担载量,采用简单的等体积共浸渍的方法,制备了一系列不同Cu/Pd原子比例的氧化硅负载的双金属催化剂.首先,我们采用程序升温还原(TPR)和X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂的还原能力和双金属纳米粒子的尺寸进行了考察.进一步,采用X射线吸收光谱(XAS,包括EXAFS和XANES)对双金属催化剂中Pd的配位环境进行了分析.最后,结合它们在大量乙烯存在条件下的乙炔选择加氢反应中的催化性能,对形成合金SAC时Cu/Pd原子比例进行了讨论.TPR结果显示,Cu与Pd结合时会促进双金属纳米粒子的还原.XRD结果表明,随着Cu含量的降低,双金属纳米粒子的尺寸明显减小.XANES结果证实,当Pd与Cu结合时,Pd会带有部分负电荷,这也与Pd的电负性大于Cu相一致.通过对EXAFS拟合结果进行分析,我们发现当Cu/Pd的原子比例≥40/1时,Pd原子可以被Cu原子完全分隔开,形成含Pd的合金SAC,使其在大量乙烯存在条件下的乙炔选择加氢反应中表现出优异的催化性能.通过对还原温度的考察,我们发现还原温度由250 oC升高到400 oC时,对同一催化剂的催化性能影响不大;EXAFS拟合结果显示,对比分别经过250和400 oC还原后的催化剂,Pd的配位环境变化不明显,这可能是导致催化性能相似的主要原因.