Electrochemical synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers and nanosheets on porous Si as photoelectric materials

Well-aligned ZnO nanoflowers and nanosheets were synthesized on porous Si (PS) at different applied potentials by electrodeposition approach. The deposits were grown using the optimized program and were characterized by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometry I-t (I-t), open-circuit potentiometry. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis proved a strong preferential orientation (1 0 0) on PS. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) observation showed the deposits consist of nanoflowers with uniform grain size of about 100 nm in diameter and nanosheets, which may have potential applications in nanodevices and nanotechnologies. Thus, ZnO grown on PS can be used as photoelectric materials due to its larger photoelectric effect compared to Si wafer according to open-circuit potential (OCP) study. Optical band gap measurements were made on samples using UV-visible spectrophotometer thus giving a band gap of 3.35 eV.     

A note on the examination of isospin effects in multi-dimensional Langevin fission dynamics

In [W. Ye, F. Wu, H.W. Yang, Phys. Lett. B 647 (2007) 118] prescission protons and α particles of high-isospin ²⁰⁶Pb were shown to be almost independent of the dissipation strength ks$k_s$. Subsequently, in [P.N. Nadtochy, et al., Phys. Lett. B 685 (2010) 258] prescission light charged particles (LCPs) were shown to have approximately the same sensitivity as neutrons to ks$k_s$ for ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁴Hg nuclei. In this Letter we point out that the reason for the apparent contradictory conclusions is that the authors in the latter did not compute the changes in the absolute yields of prescission LCPs multiplicities with increasing ks$k_s$ and compare them with typical experimental uncertainties. It is shown that the expected changes are very small in the case of neutron-rich ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁴Hg systems, which are within experimental error bars. This indicates that, from the viewpoint of experiment, LCPs emission of ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁴Hg is insensitive to dissipation.     

A facile method to synthesize magnetic polymer nanospheres with multifunctional groups

Magnetic poly(styrene methyl methacrylate)/Fe₃O₄ nanospheres with ester groups were prepared by a modified one-step mini-emulsion polymerization in the presence of Fe₃O₄ ferrofluids. The effects of monomer dose, surfactant content, ferrofluid concentration and initiator content on the particle characteristics such as the size, morphology and magnetic properties were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. The results indicated that magnetic nanospheres were superparamagnetic with high saturation magnetization of 51.0 emu/g and corresponding magnetite content of 61.5 wt%. Subsequently, magnetic nanospheres with carboxyl and amino groups were also obtained by hydrolysis and ammonolysis reaction. These magnetic nanospheres with multifunctional groups have biomedical applications.     

Efficient scheme for the preparation of symmetric Dicke states via cross-Kerr nonlinearity

A scheme is proposed for generating maximally entangled Dicke states among four modes. The scheme only uses Kerr medium and homodyne measurements on coherent light fields, which can be efficiently made in quantum optical laboratories. The scheme can be generalized to produce maximally entangled 2k-qubit states.     

Fissility effects on evaporation residue spin distributions

Based on a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the spin distribution of evaporation residue cross sections of nuclei ¹⁹⁰Os and ²¹⁰Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z$N/Z$ but have a difference in fissility. We find that a large fissility enhances the sensitivity of the residue spin distribution to pre-saddle friction substantially. The results suggest that on the experimental side, to obtain accurate information of pre-saddle dissipation strength by measuring the evaporation residue spin distribution it is optimal to populate among various compound systems with equal N/Z$N/Z$ those with high fissility.     

Quantum game interpretation for a special case of Parrondo’s paradox

By using the discrete Markov chain method, Parrondo’s paradox is studied by means of theoretical analysis and computer simulation, built on the case of game AB played in alternation with modulus M=4. We find that such a case does not have a definite stationary probability distribution and that payoffs of the game depend on the parity of the initial capital. Besides, this paper reveals the phenomenon that “processing in order produces non-deterministic results, while a random process produces deterministic results”. The quantum game method is used in a further study. The results show that the explanation of the game corresponding to a stationary probability distribution is that the probability of the initial capital has reached parity.     

Enhanced Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Conditions for Mathematical Programs with Equilibrium Constraints

In this paper, we study necessary optimality conditions for nonsmooth mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints. We first show that, unlike the smooth case, the mathematical program with equilibrium constraints linear independent constraint qualification is not a constraint qualification for the strong stationary condition when the objective function is nonsmooth. We then focus on the study of the enhanced version of the Mordukhovich stationary condition, which is a weaker optimality condition than the strong stationary condition. We introduce the quasi-normality and several other new constraint qualifications and show that the enhanced Mordukhovich stationary condition holds under them. Finally, we prove that quasi-normality with regularity implies the existence of a local error bound.     

The solution of problems of the stability of three-dimensional convective flows in a closed rectangular cavity by the collocation method

The use of the collocation method, with collocation points at the zeroes of a Chebyshev polynomial, to solve spatial problems of the stability of convective flows, is described. The fluid occupies a closed rectangular cavity on the boundaries of which conditions of the first, second and third kind can be specified. Using a differential matrix constructed at the collocation points, the spectral problem is transformed into an extended eigenvector problem that is solved numerically. The Rayleigh problem in a closed layer is solved for different values of the ratio of the sides of the rectangular cavity. The calculations presented are compared with the results of the solution of non-linear equations and also with the experimental and theoretical data of other authors.     

Global classical solution of the Cauchy problem to 1D compressible Navier–Stokes equations with large initial data

In this paper, we prove that the 1D Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations admits a unique global classical solution (ρ,u)$(\rho ,\mathrm{u})$ if the viscosity μ(ρ)=1+ρ^β$\mu (\rho )=1+{\rho }^{\beta }$ with β?0$\beta ?0$. The initial data can be arbitrarily large and may contain vacuum. Some new weighted estimates of the density and velocity are obtained when deriving higher order estimates of the solution.