Enhanced nigrostriatal neuron-specific,long-term expression by using neural-specific promoters in combination with targeted gene transfer by modified helper virus-free HSV-1 vector particles

Background  

Direct gene transfer into neurons has potential for developing gene therapy treatments for specific neurological conditions, and for elucidating neuronal physiology. Due to the complex cellular composition of specific brain areas, neuronal type-specific recombinant gene expression is required for many potential applications of neuronal gene transfer. One approach is to target gene transfer to a specific type of neuron. We developed modified Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV-1) particles that contain chimeric glycoprotein C (gC) – glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) proteins. HSV-1 vector particles containing either gC – GDNF or gC – BDNF target gene transfer to nigrostriatal neurons, which contain specific receptors for GDNF or BDNF. A second approach to achieve neuronal type-specific expression is to use a cell type-specific promoter, and we have used the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) promoter to restrict expression to catecholaminergic neurons or a modified neurofilament heavy gene promoter to restrict expression to neurons, and both of these promoters support long-term expression from HSV-1 vectors. To both improve nigrostriatal-neuron specific expression, and to establish that targeted gene transfer can be followed by long-term expression, we performed targeted gene transfer with vectors that support long-term, neuronal-specific expression.     

Polarography of the alkaline-earth metals--II: The adsorption wave for the Magnesium-Eriochrome Black T complex

Magnesium-Eriochrome Black T in ethylenediamine medium gives a polarographic adsorptive wave at -0.7 V (vs. an Ag/Hg electrode). It gives a limit of detection for magnesium of 2 x 10(-8)M. It is made the basis of a method for determination of magnesium in serum, water and various salts, without any pretreatment. The method is very rapid, sensitive and convenient for serum analysis.     

肽自组装水凝胶的制备及在生物医学中的应用

短肽自组装水凝胶作为一种新型的生物材料,具有生物相容性高、免疫原性低、含水量高、降解产物可被机体重吸收利用、结构与天然细胞外基质类似等优点,使其在材料科学、生物医药及临床医学等领域具有广阔的应用前景。在这篇综述中,我们主要介绍了常用的几种制备稳定的肽自组装水凝胶方法,包括酶催化的水凝胶化、化学/物理交联的水凝胶化以及光催化的水凝胶化。进一步,我们介绍一些关于肽自组装水凝胶在药物递送和抗肿瘤治疗、抗菌和伤口愈合以及3D生物打印和组织工程中的应用。我们希望通过本文的论述能引起更多的人对肽自组装水凝胶的关注,以推进其在生物医学领域应用的发展。     

Pharmacological Effects and Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Dual-Function Peptide 5rolGLP-HV

In order to better understand the therapeutic mechanism of dual-function peptide 5rolGLP-HV in treatment of treat diabetes and its complication of thrombosis, the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic properties of 5rolGLP-HV were conducted in this study. 5rolGLP-HV was orally administered to diabetic mice, and the hypoglycemic mechanism was investigated. Thrombotic mice were applied to study the thrombus dissolving ability of 5rolGLP-HV. The concentration of rolGLP and rHV in rat plasma following single oral dose or intravenous injection of 5rolGLP-HV was measured. Treatment with 5rolGLP-HV decreased insulin resistance (2.96 ± 1.43 vs. 9.35 ± 1.51, p < 0.05) of diabetic mice. 5rolGLP-HV shortened the length of thrombus in thrombosis mice (2.92 ± 0.74 vs. 5.92 ± 1.16 cm, p < 0.01) and extended the thrombin time (15.35 ± 1.22 vs. 8.67 ± 0.89 s, p < 0.01) of normal mice. Meanwhile, 5rolGLP-HV restored the damage of pancreatic, liver, kidney, and adipose tissues induced in the diabetic mice. 5rolGLP-HV exhibited a fast absorption and slow elimination phase after digested into rolGLP-1 and rHV in vivo. These results suggested that 5rolGLP-HV had an ideal therapeutic potential in the prevention of β cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and delay of the thrombus.     

On the perfect orderability of unions of two graphs

A graph G is perfectly orderable, if it admits an order < on its vertices such that the sequential coloring algorithm delivers an optimum coloring on each induced subgraph (H, <) of (G, <). A graph is a threshold graph, if it contains no P₄, 2K₂, and C₄ as induced subgraph. A theorem of Chvátal, Hoàng, Mahadev, and de Werra states that a graph is perfectly orderable, if it is the union of two threshold graphs. In this article, we investigate possible generalizations of the above theorem. Hoàng has conjectured that, if G is the union of two graphs G₁ and G₂, then G is perfectly orderable whenever G₁ and G₂ are both P₄‐free and 2K₂‐free. We show that the complement of the chordless cycle with at least five vertices cannot be a counter‐example to this conjecture, and we prove a special case of it: if G₁ and G₂ are two edge‐disjoint graphs that are P₄‐free and 2K₂‐free, then the union of G₁ and G₂ is perfectly orderable. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 33: 32–43, 2000     

贵金属纳米粒子/硅纳米线复合纳米材料的制备及其催化性能研究

以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)作为保护剂, 利用贵金属阳离子(Mⁿ⁺)与HF处理后的硅纳米线(SiNWs)之间的氧化还原反应, 在SiNWs表面负载了贵金属纳米粒子. 通过调控SDS/Mⁿ⁺物质的量比、反应物浓度、反应温度等实验参数, 制备出了金属纳米粒子粒径均一且负载密集的AuNPs/SiNWs, PtNPs/SiNWs复合材料. 将AuNPs/SiNWs复合材料应用在亚甲基蓝的还原反应, 实验结果显示, 60 min内AuNPs/SiNWs可以将55%的亚甲基蓝还原, 表明AuNPs/SiNWs具有良好的催化活性. 这种复合材料易于从反应溶液中分离出来, 可以实现纳米催化剂的循环使用.     

基于硫氰酸亚铜的n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳电池界面能级匹配及稳定性的初步研究

宽带隙的无机空穴传输材料硫氰酸亚铜(CuSCN)具有低成本、高载流子迁移率、良好的稳定性,以及优异的光透过性等优点,是一种非常有潜力的空穴传输层材料.但是目前基于CuSCN空穴传输层的n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳电池(PSCs)的光电转换效率(PCE)比基于spiro-OMeTAD的电池效率低很多,其主要原因为电池的开路电压较低.本研究团队发现钙钛矿吸收层带隙对基于CuSCN的电池开路电压有较大的影响,本文分别制备了基于带隙为1.55 eV,1.60 eV以及1.65 eV的钙钛矿太阳电池,其中基于CuSCN的器件的效率分别为12.8;,14.4;,10.7;(基于spiro-OMeTAD的钙钛矿太阳电池效率分别为20.8;,19.1;和17.5;).通过研究发现1.60 eV带隙的钙钛矿能够与CuSCN空穴传输层(HTL)之间形成较好的界面能级匹配,获得最高的效率,电池的开路电压能够达到1.06 V,电池PCE为14.4;.更重要的是在相对湿度(RH)30;～40;的空气中,未封装的基于CuSCN HTL钙钛矿太阳电池经过120℃处理1 h后仍能够保持原来性能的92.4;,而基于spiro-OMeTAD HTL钙钛矿太阳电池只能保持原来性能的49.7;.这表明基于CuSCN的n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳电池具有良好的热稳定性,是制备稳定钙钛矿太阳电池的理想空穴传输材料之一.     

Many-Body Localization Transition in the Heisenberg Ising Chain

In this paper, we use exact matrix diagonalization to explore the many-body localization (MBL) transition of the Heisenberg Ising spin-1/2 chain with nearest neighbor couplings and disordered external fields. It demonstrates that the fidelity, magnetization and spin-spin space correlation can be used to characterize the many-body localization transition in this closed spin system which is also in agreement with previous analytical and numerical results. We test the properties for the middle third many-body eigenstates. It shows that for this model with random-field, the excited-state fidelity exhibits a pronounced drop at the transition and then gradually tends to be stable in the localized phase, the critical point and the final value of averaged fidelity are all size dependent. It demonstrates that disordered external fields drive the occurrence of the MBL transition. Moreover, we investigate the magnetization and spin-spin space correlation in this model to verify the conclusion we got and further explore the properties of ergodic phase and localized phase.

     

贡嘎山东坡森林土壤有效微量元素分布特征

对青藏高原东缘贡嘎山东坡森林土壤有效微量元素的含量、分布及影响因子进行了研究。结果表明,四种典型土壤土层中有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量基本表现为由上而下逐渐降低的趋势;且在不同林型条件下,土壤养分含量分布也有差异;位于不同海拔高度的土层中,有机质等常量养分的分布表现出两头高、中间低的态势。土壤中B、Zn、Mn三种元素的含量均低于或远远低于各自的临界值;除Mn以外,有效态微量元素B、Cu、Zn、Fe含量均呈现出自上而下逐渐减少的趋势,即为表层富集型。     

双时间尺度湍流模型的应用

双时间尺度湍流模型的应用蔡晓丹，陈义良（中国科技大学工程热物理系合肥２３００２６）关键词：双时间尺度，湍流模型一、引言流动的分离现象是自然界最常见的现象之一。在工程应用中，对流动分离的控制往往是我们关心的焦点。二维后台阶流动（图正），是一种典型的有回...