The Potential Antidepressant Action of Duloxetine Co-Administered with the TAAR1 Receptor Agonist SEP-363856 in Mice

Here, we explored the possible interaction between duloxetine and SEP-363856 (SEP-856) in depression-related reactions. The results showed that oral administration of duloxetine showed powerful antidepressant-like effects in both the forced swimming test (FST) and the suspension tail test (TST). SEP-856 orally administered alone also exerted an antidepressant-like effect in FST and TST, especially at doses of 0.3, 1, and 10 mg/kg. In addition, duloxetine (15 mg/kg) and SEP-856 (15 mg/kg) both showed antidepressant-like effects in the sucrose preference test (SPT). Most importantly, in the above experiments, compared with duloxetine alone, the simultaneous use of duloxetine and SEP-856 caused a more significant antidepressant-like effect. It is worth noting that doses of drug combination in FST and TST did not change the motor activities of mice in the open-field test (OFT). Thus, duloxetine and SEP-856 seem to play a synergistic role in regulating depression-related behaviors and might be beneficial for refractory depression.     

Asymmetric conductivity of the Kondo effect in cold atomic systems

Motivated by recent theoretical and experimental advances in quantum simulations using alkaline earth(AE)atoms,we put forward a proposal to detect the Kondo physics in a cold atomic system.It has been demonstrated that the intrinsic spin-exchange interaction in AE atoms can be significantly enhanced near a confinement-induced resonance(CIR),which facilitates the simulation of Kondo physics.Since the Kondo effect appears only for antiferromagnetic coupling,we find that the conductivity of such system exhibits an asymmetry across a resonance of spin-exchange interaction.The asymmetric conductivity can serve as the smoking gun evidence for Kondo physics in the cold atom context.When an extra magnetic field ramps up,the spin-exchange process near Fermi surface is suppressed by Zee-man energy and the conductivity becomes more and more symmetric.Our results can be verified in the current experimental setup.     

Application of 28Mg to the kinetic study of Mg uptake by rice plants

The time course of Mg uptake and release using intact rice plants and ²⁸Mg as a tracer is presented. Since there is no conventional Mg tracer available, ²⁸Mg was produced via ²⁷Al(α, 3p)²⁸Mg reaction using a cyclotron. Using the purified ²⁸Mg tracer, it was found that the uptake amount of ²⁸Mg by the rice plants increased linearly during 30 min of application. After ²⁸Mg treatment for 90 min, the roots were sequentially washed with iced solution for 120 min. Within about 10 min, almost all of the ²⁸Mg, that was thought to be weakly bound to the apoplast, was washed away.     

Synthesis of a benzoxazine with precisely two phenolic OH linkages and the properties of its high‐performance copolymers

A phenolic OH‐containing benzoxazine ( F‐ap ), which cannot be directly synthesized from the condensation of bisphenol F, aminophenol, and formaldehyde by traditional procedures, has been successfully prepared in our alternative synthetic approach. F‐ap was prepared by three steps including (a) condensation of 4‐aminophenol and 5,5'‐methylenebis(2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde) (1) , (b) reduction of the resulting imine linkage by sodium borohydride, and (c) ring closure condensation by formaldehyde. The key starting material, (1) , was prepared from 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and s‐trioxane in the presence of sulfuric acid. F‐ap is structurally similar to bis(3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐3‐phenyl‐1,3‐benzoxazinyl)methane ( F‐a, a commercial benzoxazine based on bisphenol F/aniline/formaldehyde) except for two phenolic OHs. The phenolic OHs can provide reaction sites with epoxy and 1,1'‐(methylenedi‐p‐phenylene)bismaleimide (BMI). The structure–property relationships between the thermosets of F‐ap /epoxy, F‐a /epoxy, F‐ap /BMI, and F‐a /BMI were discussed. Experimental data showed that thermosets based on F‐ap /epoxy and F‐ap /BMI provided much better thermal properties than those based on F‐a /epoxy and F‐a /BMI. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2686–2694     

Phase Transfer Catalyzed Anomeric Nucleophilic Substitutions with D-Xylopyranosyl Halides

Abstract

Anomeric pairs of per-O-acetylated-D-xylopyranosyl halides were individually treated with a wide variety of nucleophiles under mild PTC conditions. Thus, 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-α-D-xylopyranosyl bromide 1 provided exclusively the β-D-xylopyranosyl anomers 2-11 in good to excellent yields (65-95%). Alternatively, under the same PTC conditions, 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl chloride 13 afforded solely the inverted α-D-anomers 15 (82%) and 16 (67%) upon treatment with thiophenol and sodium azide, respectively. Similarly, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl chloride 19 provided the analogous products 20 (63%) and 21 (31%) upon treatment with thiophenol and sodium azide. In the presence of tetrabutylammonium chloride as PTC catalyst, β-xylopyranosyl chloride 13 was shown to slowly equilibrate to the α-chloride 14. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid PTC catalyst for which counter anions can cause anomerization of the starting glycosyl halides.     

Synthesis of Carbohydrate Derived α-Methylene-γ-lactones by Diasterecseldctive,Low Temperature Reformatsky-Type Reactions

Hexopyranoside- and hexofuranose uloses with either ethyl 2-(branamethyl)acrylate in the presence of laminar Zn/Ag-graphite or ethyl 2-(trimethylsilylinethyl)acrylate/tetra-n-butylanrnonium fluoride undergo stereoselective branching, mainly with formation of spiro α-methylene-γ-lactones.     

Coral reef-like polyanaline nanotubes prepared by a reactive template of manganese oxide for supercapacitor electrode

Coral reef-like PANI nanotubes composed of nanopaticles were successfully synthesized by a reactive template of manganese oxide.The structure was characterized by using SEM,TEM,and FT-IR,and the supercapacitive behaviors of these nanotubes were investigated with cyclic voltammetry（CV）,and charge-discharge tests,respectively.A maximum specific capacitance of 533 F/g could be achieved in 1mol/L aqueous H₂SO₄ with the potential range of -0.2 to 0.8 V（vs.the saturated calomel electrode） in a half-cell setup configuration for PANI electrode,suggesting its potential application in the electrode material for electrochemical capacitors.     

Diethyl phenylphosphonite contributing to solid electrolyte interphase and cathode electrolyte interphase for lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries have obtained increasing interest due to their high specific capacity.Nonetheless,the growth of lithium dendrites brings safety risks to...     

Cytotoxic and NF-κB inhibitory sesquiterpene lactones from Piptocoma rufescens

Six new (1-6) and eight known germacranolide-type sesquiterpene lactones, along with several known phenylpropanol coumarates and methylated flavonoids, were isolated from the leaves of Piptocoma rufescens, collected in the Dominican Republic. The new compounds were identified by analysis of their spectroscopic data, with the molecular structure of 3 being established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The absolute configurations of the sesquiterpene lactones isolated were determined from their CD and NOESY NMR spectra, together with the analysis of Mosher ester reactions. Bioassay screening results showed the majority of the sesquiterpene lactones isolated (1-13) to be highly cytotoxic toward the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line, with the most potent compound being 15-deoxygoyazensolide (10, IC(50), 0.26 μM). In addition, several of the sesquiterpene lactones exhibited NF-κB (p65) inhibitory activity.     

A Germanate Compound Constructed from Dissymmetric Ge7 Chains and Metal Complexes

Abstract. A novel germanate compound, |[Ni(dien)₂]₃(H₂O)₃|[Ge₇O₁₃F₅]₂(designated JU‐85, dien = diethylenetriamine), was solvothermally synthesized. The structure of JU‐85 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and further characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. JU‐85 has dissymmetric chains constructed from diagonally linked Ge₇ building units and various Ni(dien)₂²⁺ complexes formed in situ during the synthesis. Compared with its structural analogue, FJ‐6, JU‐85 contains less complex cations and different host‐guest assembly. Besides the diagonal linkage in JU‐85, other dissymmetric linkages of Ge₇ building units were enumerated, which could be used as the stereogenic centers for the design of novel chiral germanate compounds.