草酸钴原位催化高氯酸铵热分解的DSC／TG-MS研究

采用差示扫描量热/热分析-质谱(DSC/TG-MS)联用技术研究了草酸钴对高氯酸铵的原位催化. 结果表明,草酸钴原位分解生成的钴氧化物对高氯酸铵有较强的催化作用,添加2%的草酸钴使高氯酸铵的分解温度降低104 ℃, 分解放热量从655 J/g增大到 1 469 J/g. 分解的气相产物主要有H2O, NH3,O2,HCl,Cl2,NO,N2O和NO2. 由于氧在新生态的纳米钴氧化物表面形成过氧化活性离子(O-2), 使氨氧化在钴氧化物的过氧化表面活性中心进行,加速了高氯酸铵的热分解,使其表观放热量大幅度增加.     

茶叶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯多种农药残留同时分析的样品前处理研究

建立了茶叶中同时分析12种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯类农药残留的样品提取和固相萃取(SPE)前处理方法.试样在超声条件下用正己烷提取后用自制弗罗里圭(florisil)/石墨化碳复合固相萃取小柱净化,然后采用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GC-ECD)测定.研究结果表明,当茶叶中农药加标在4.93～201.00 ng/g范围内时,添加回收率为68.9%～112.2%,相对标准偏差为2.43%～15.8%,方法的检出限范围在2.52～10.59 ng/g.     

ICP-MS测定化肥中有害元素Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Hg的新方法

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定化肥中微量Cr、Cd、As、Pb、Hg元素.样品经微波消解和敞开酸溶,滴加5 ～8滴2%高锰酸钾氧化,低温水浴加热蒸至近干,加甲醇2 mL溶剂化,用水定容至100 mL,进行测定.方法标准加入回收率为67% ～115%,RSD小于15%,误差完全符合GB18877-2002的规定要求,方法简便快速.     

Ti基电极上光化学沉积Hg用于吸附溶出伏安法测定磺胺嘧啶

该研究发现采用紫外光照射钛电极表面氧化钛层能够光催化还原Hg2+生成Hg微粒,在Ti基电极上光化学沉积Hg比电化学沉积Hg对磺胺嘧啶具有更强的吸附作用,基于光化学沉积Hg/Ti电极建立了一种吸附溶出伏安法测定磺胺嘧啶的方法.详细考察了溶液pH值、吸附富集时间、溶出起始电位、扫描速率等对测定的影响.结果表明,在pH 2.0 的B-R缓冲溶液中,磺胺嘧啶在0.48 V左右处产生1个灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电流与磺胺嘧啶的浓度在1.2×10-8～1×10-6 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.997 2),检出限达4.35 nmol/L.     

分散液相微萃取-气相色谱联用测定葡萄中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹残留

采用分散液相微萃取与气相色谱-电子捕获检测联用技术建立了测定葡萄样品中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹农药残留的新方法.对影响萃取和富集效率的因素进行了优化.萃取条件选定为在10 mL带塞离心试管中加入 5.0 mL葡萄样品溶液,并加入1.0 mL丙酮(分散剂),振荡摇匀后以5000 r/min离心5 min,然后将上层清液转移至另一离心试管中,加10.0 μL氯苯(萃取剂),分散混匀后再以5000 r/min离心5 min,萃取剂氯苯相沉积到试管底部,吸取1.0 μL萃取相直接进样分析.在优化的实验条件下,3种杀菌剂的富集倍数可达788～876倍;检出限在6.0～8.0 μg/kg(S/N=3∶ 1)范围内.以α-六六六为内标,测定3种杀菌剂的线性范围为10～150 μg/kg,线性相关系数在0.9990～0.9995范围内.本方法已成功应用于葡萄样品中百菌清、克菌丹和灭菌丹残留的测定,平均加标回收率在92.3%～106.1%范围内;相对标准偏差在4.5%～7.2%之间,结果令人满意.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-硅胶吸附色谱-电喷雾质谱法测定纺织品中的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚

建立了测定纺织品中壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的硅胶吸附色谱-电喷雾质谱分析方法.不同类型的纺织品样品采用加速溶剂萃取法,以无水乙醇为提取溶剂,在10.3 MPa和100 ℃下静态循环提取2次,提取液经Sep-Pak Carbon/NH2石墨化碳黑/氨基复合型固相萃取柱净化,以Waters Spherisorb S3W(150 mm×2.0 mm, 3 μm)色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈-水体系为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾质谱正离子模式下进行定性及定量分析.壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法检出限为10～40 μg/kg,在1～20 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为81.4%～95.9%,相对标准偏差均小于12.5%.辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚的方法检出限为10～30 μg/kg,在1～20 mg/kg的3个添加水平范围内的平均回收率为80.2%～96.8%, 相对标准偏差均小于13.0%.本方法准确、简便、快速,可用于纺织品的实际检验工作.     

Electrophoretic deposition of hydroxyapatite–CaSiO3–chitosan composite coatings

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method has been developed for the fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HA)–CaSiO₃ (CS)–chitosan composite coatings for biomedical applications. The use of chitosan enabled the co-deposition of HA and CS particles and offered the advantage of room temperature processing of composite materials. The coating composition was varied by the variation of HA and CS concentrations in the chitosan solutions. Cathodic deposits were obtained as HA–CS–chitosan monolayers, HA–chitosan/chitosan multilayers or functionally graded materials (FGM) containing HA–chitosan and CS–chitosan layers of different composition. The thickness of the individual layers was varied in the range of 0.1–20 μm. The deposition yield was studied at different experimental conditions and compared with the results of modeling. It was shown that the moving boundary model for the two component system can explain the non-linear increase in the deposition yield with increasing HA concentration in chitosan solutions. The obtained coatings were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies showed that these coatings provided corrosion protection of stainless steel substrates in Ringer's physiological solution. The deposition mechanism and kinetics of deposition have been discussed.     

聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)导电织物的制备、结构及其电致变色性能

本文采用原位聚合法, 以耐酸性好的涤纶为基底, 制得了聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)/涤纶复合导电织物[Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/conducting terylene textile, PEDOT/CTT], 分析了该导电织物的形貌、导电性能及结构, 并对其电致变色性能进行了初步测试. 实验结果表明, 所得到的PEDOT/CTT具有良好的导电性和一定的电致变色性能, 有望在全固态电致变色织物的制备中获得应用.     

A novel and efficient direct aldol condensation from ketones and aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by proline-TEA through a new pathway

A novel and efficient direct aldol condensation from various ketones and a wide range of aldehydes was catalyzed by l-proline-TEA (triethylamine) in MeOH at room temperature, affording the corresponding (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketones in excellent yields. By using the method, some complicated (E)-α,β-unsaturated ketone C-glycosides were obtained from unmodified ketone C-glycosides and aldehydes. This reaction proceeds through a new pathway, in which the specific intermediate was captured and identified.     

载银缓释型抗菌敷料

近10年来,载银缓释型抗菌敷料因其优良特性,在医药、卫生等领域引起科学家们的广泛关注。本文综述了银的抗菌机理和载银缓释型抗菌敷料的缓释机制;重点介绍了目前在国际市场上销售的代表性载银缓释型抗菌敷料的性能,并从不同的载体材料角度(如生物高分子、合成高分子、生物和合成高分子共用、有机硅材料)总结了新型载银抗菌敷料的研究进展;最后,讨论了载银抗菌医用敷料在研究和应用中需要解决的问题。