全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9125篇 |
免费 | 1637篇 |
国内免费 | 1579篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7351篇 |
晶体学 | 97篇 |
力学 | 534篇 |
综合类 | 124篇 |
数学 | 1011篇 |
物理学 | 3224篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 160篇 |
2022年 | 231篇 |
2021年 | 297篇 |
2020年 | 365篇 |
2019年 | 405篇 |
2018年 | 313篇 |
2017年 | 297篇 |
2016年 | 463篇 |
2015年 | 451篇 |
2014年 | 511篇 |
2013年 | 673篇 |
2012年 | 776篇 |
2011年 | 830篇 |
2010年 | 622篇 |
2009年 | 613篇 |
2008年 | 675篇 |
2007年 | 583篇 |
2006年 | 537篇 |
2005年 | 484篇 |
2004年 | 341篇 |
2003年 | 306篇 |
2002年 | 409篇 |
2001年 | 355篇 |
2000年 | 243篇 |
1999年 | 232篇 |
1998年 | 168篇 |
1997年 | 139篇 |
1996年 | 115篇 |
1995年 | 99篇 |
1994年 | 117篇 |
1993年 | 79篇 |
1992年 | 71篇 |
1991年 | 94篇 |
1990年 | 63篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1962年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1943年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
Summary Glass formation in nature and materials science is reviewed and the recent recognition of polymorphism within the glassy state,
polyamorphism, is discussed. The process by which the glassy state originates during the continuous cooling or viscous slowdown
process, is examined and the three canonical characteristics of relaxing liquids are correlated through the fragility. The
conversion of strong liquids to fragile liquids by pressure-induced coordination number increases is discussed, and then it
is shown that for the same type of system it is possible to have the same conversion accomplished via a first-order transition
within the liquid state. The systems in which this can happen are of the same type which exhibit polyamorphism, and the whole
phenomenology can be accounted for by a recent simple modification of the van der Waals model for tetrahedrally bonded liquids.
The concept of complex amorphous systems which can lose a significant number of degrees of freedom through weak first-order
transitions is then used to discuss the relation between native and denatured hydrated proteins, since the latter have much
in common with plasticized chain polymer systems. Finally, we close the circle by taking a short-time-scale phenomenon given
much attention by protein physicists,viz., the onset of an anomaly in the Debye-Waller factor with increasing temperature, and showing that for a wide variety of liquids,
including computer-simulated strong and fragile ionic liquids, this phenomenon is closely correlated with the experimental
glass transition temperature. This implies that the latter owes its origin to the onset of strong anharmonicity in certain
components of the vibrational density of states (evidently related to the boson peak) which then permits the system to gain
access to its configurational degrees of freedom. The more anharmonic these vibrational components, the closer to the Kauzmann
temperature will commence the exploration of configuration space and, for a given configurational microstate degeneracy, the
more fragile the liquid will be.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994. 相似文献
62.
奚欧根 《宁波大学学报(理工版)》1991,(1)
本文定义了Γ-环的b-理想与拟b-理想,论述了Γ-环中都有一个Baer根,一个b-根与一个拟强b-根,并且还证得了Γ-环的Baer根=b-根=拟b-根。 相似文献
63.
Optical properties and microstructure of Ag film on glass substrate with Cr intermediate layer were studied by using spectrophotometer and XRD. The spectra results showed that introducing Cr intermediate layer reduced the surface roughness and promoted the reflectivity of Ag film. The XRD analysis showed that the crystalline grains increased and the stress decreased. The adhesion was also improved by using the tape test method. 相似文献
64.
The effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of NdFeB and Fe–Cr–Co permanent magnets has been investigated. The magnetic flux loss of two kinds of magnets before and after irradiation was measured. Results show that the effect of γ-ray irradiation on the magnetic properties of sintered NdFeB is not so obvious as that on Fe–Cr–Co magnet. Irradiation-induced damage from γ-ray for the Fe–Cr–Co magnets was characterized for the first time. The decline of permanent magnetic properties of Fe–Cr–Co magnet induced by γ-ray irradiation is reversible except for the maximum energy product (BH)max. The difference of coercivity mechanism between these two kinds of permanent magnets is responsible for the different dependence of magnetic properties loss induced by γ-ray irradiation. 相似文献
65.
巯基乙酸锑配合物的合成与X射线粉末衍射数据指标化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
一些锑和铋的配合物可以应用于医药研究[1,2 ] ,已合成了许多锑的有机配体配合物[3~ 7] ,但其中大多数没有生物活性。因此 ,研究锑或铋离子的配合物不仅对主族元素化学、生物无机化学而且对医药都有着非常重要的意义。我们用三氯化锑与巯基乙酸液相反应法合成的二巯基乙酸锑 (Ⅲ)配合物 ,其组成为HSb(SCH2 COO) 2 ,用X射线粉末多晶衍射数据指标化来研究配合物晶体结构[8] 。1 实验部分1 1 仪器与试剂EA - 1 1 0 6型元素分析仪 (意大利卡拉欧巴公司制造 ) ,D Max -YB型多晶X射线粉末衍射仪(日本理学 ,CuKα射线 ,… 相似文献
66.
Xuefeng Yue Xinliang Lu Yongyuan Song Zongshu Shao Daliang Sun Quanzhong Jiang Huanchu Chen 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1991,53(5-6):319-322
The use of Cu-doped (K0.5Na0.5)0.2(Sr0.61Ba0.39)0.9Nb2O6 as self-pumped phase conjugators using internal reflection is reported. Reflectivities as high as 63% at 5145.5 nm and 60% at 632.8 nm were realized. It was found that the photorefractive response changes significantly at different doping concentration. The responses of the crystals to the laser wavelength, incident angle and dopant concentration are studied. 相似文献
67.
Mooson Kwauk 《中国颗粒学报》2004,(1)
IntroductionInmaterialscience,differentmicrostructuresofthesamematerialsmayinducediversebehaviorsanddifferentcharacteristics.Westwood(1988)showed,asanexample,thatthetreatmentofaluminumsurfacewithcommercialphosphoricacidproducedmechanicallyinterlockedoxide搘hiskers?approximately10nmindiameterand400nminlength,whichmechanicallyinterlocked.Thismicro-structurecankeepsuchaconglomeratebondedoverconsiderablerangesofstressandtemperature.Inahumidatmosphere,especiallythatcontainingchlorine,however,suchox… 相似文献
68.
因特网防御DoS攻击技术评述Ⅰ--攻击分类与特征·包过滤·攻击检测与防御 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概述了因特网上DoS攻击的相应分类及基本特征,评述了包过滤、攻击检测及防御技术的最新成果.前一部分介绍了入口过滤、基于路由的过滤网和有效源地址强制协议.后一方面主要讨论了适合于检测攻击包的技术,介绍了新近提出的频谱分析方法和泛滥检测系统.简要评述了已有的防御SYN泛滥攻击的技术措施,介绍了Cisco的TCP拦截技术,提出了改进策略. 相似文献
69.
Reactions of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-dienes with dimethyl oxalates afforded multiply substituted o-benzoquinones or stereodefined 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]-octa-3,7-dienes in good yields. 相似文献
70.
A numerical simulation is performed to investigate the flow induced by a sphere moving along the axis of a rotating cylindrical container filled with the viscous fluid. Three‐dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are solved using a finite element method. The objective of this study is to examine the feature of waves generated by the Coriolis force at moderate Rossby numbers and that to what extent the Taylor–Proudman theorem is valid for the viscous rotating flow at small Rossby number and large Reynolds number. Calculations have been undertaken at the Rossby numbers (Ro) of 1 and 0.02 and the Reynolds numbers (Re) of 200 and 500. When Ro=O(1), inertia waves are exhibited in the rotating flow past a sphere. The effects of the Reynolds number and the ratio of the radius of the sphere and that of the rotating cylinder on the flow structure are examined. When Ro ? 1, as predicted by the Taylor–Proudman theorem for inviscid flow, the so‐called ‘Taylor column’ is also generated in the viscous fluid flow after an evolutionary course of vortical flow structures. The initial evolution and final formation of the ‘Taylor column’ are exhibited. According to the present calculation, it has been verified that major theoretical statement about the rotating flow of the inviscid fluid may still approximately predict the rotating flow structure of the viscous fluid in a certain regime of the Reynolds number. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献