A versatile synthesis of 2-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepine-3-ones

A mild and general strategy for the synthesis of 2-substituted 4-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-2-benzazepine-3-ones is described. The seven-membered lactam is prepared by intramolecular amide bond formation from the intermediate amino acid, which is obtained either by reductive alkylation of a variety of amines with N-Boc,N-Me-ortho-formyl-Phe and Phth-ortho-formyl-Phe, or by reductive amination of a variety of aldehydes with N-Boc-ortho-aminomethyl-Phe.     

POD-identification reduced order model of linear transport equations for control purposes

Intrusive reduced order modeling techniques require access to the solver's discretization and solution algorithm, which are not available for most computational fluid dynamics codes. Therefore, a nonintrusive reduction method that identifies the system matrix of linear fluid dynamical problems with a least-squares technique is presented. The methodology is applied to the linear scalar transport convection-diffusion equation for a 2D square cavity problem with a heated lid. The (time-dependent) boundary conditions are enforced in the obtained reduced order model (ROM) with a penalty method. The results are compared and the accuracy of the ROMs is assessed against the full order solutions and it is shown that the ROM can be used for sensitivity analysis by controlling the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions.     

Novel Syntheses of Heterocycles with N-(1-Haloalkyl)azinium Halides. Part V. Preparation of N-Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines

Thirty N-substituted Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines were prepared under mild and neutral conditions from N-substituted enaminocarbonyl derivatives and aldehydes activated under the form of N-(1-chloroalkyl)pyridinium chlorides by means of thionyl chloride and pyridine. The scope of the method is discussed.     

Synthesis of 4-amino-3-oxo-tetrahydroazepino[3,4-b]indoles: new conformationally constrained Trp analogs

The synthesis of tryptophan analogs is reported in which the conformation has been constrained by formation of a seven-membered lactam. Boc-protected 2′-formyl tryptophan was obtained by SeO₂ oxidation of Boc-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. Reductive amination was performed with a variety of amines and amino acid esters using sodium cyanoborohydride, followed by ring closure to the target compounds. The constrained Trp derivative has been incorporated into the endomorphin-1 opioid peptide sequence to probe the bioactive conformation.     

温梯法大尺寸红宝石晶体的研究

用温梯法生长出直径为76mm的红宝石晶体,用偏光显微镜观察了夹杂物的形状和分布规律,进一步用电子探针分析了夹杂物成分,并用吸收光谱分析了Cr3+的浓度分布规律.结果表明:夹杂物呈漏斗状的分布,晶体中部和末端纯度较高;Cr3+在晶体中的浓度呈有规律的分布,随着生长的进行,Cr3+的浓度沿径向和生长轴的方向都逐渐增加.     

Feminine after cricothyroid approximation?

A number of studies have evaluated the effectiveness of a cricothyroid approximation (CA) in creating a more female voice in male-to-female transsexuals (MFTs) from an acoustic perspective. An increase in pitch is of little value, however, unless it accurately indicates listeners' perceptions of gender. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effectiveness of a CA in feminizing the voice from a perceptual perspective. Video recordings of nine MFTs, nine nontranssexual males (NTMs), and nine nontranssexual females (NTFs) were presented twice to the panel of judges in a randomized order: first auditory only (only hearing a subject's speech) and subsequently audiovisual (hearing and seeing a subject's speech). The panel of judges, 42 students (21 female, 21 male) from different disciplines, rated the participants' voices on a 100-mm visual analog scale with "very male" and "very female" as left and right extremes, respectively. The group of MFT obtained scores that were situated in between those of the NTM and the NTF, both for the auditory only and the audiovisual mode of presentation. Perception of femaleness significantly correlated with average fundamental frequency for both modes of presentation. It can be concluded that a CA approximation is a viable option to raise the voice pitch in MFTs but that this surgery alone may not be sufficient to create a voice that is perceived as a totally female.     

Stereochemistry and mechanism of the cleavage of the cobalt-tin bond

Summary The experimental results obtained for cleavage of cobalt-tin bonds by means of NaFe(CO)₂Cp, LiBHEt₃ and Ph₃SnLi can be explained by a one-electron transfer mechanism leading to a triorganostannyl radical, which can invert before reacting with another radical to give the reaction products.This paper is Part 75 of the series Organometallic Compounds. For Part 74, see ref. (1).     

Ionic liquid phase technology supported the three component synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines and Biginelli 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones under microwave dielectric heating

A microwave dielectric heating assisted liquid phase synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones, pyridines and polyhydroquinolines using task-specific ionic liquid as a soluble support was described. The efficiency of the ionic liquid phase organic synthesis (IoLiPOS) methodology was demonstrated by using a one-pot three component condensation. The structure of the intermediates in each step was verified routinely by spectroscopic analysis and, after cleavage the target compounds were obtained in good yields and high purities.