一种含D-π-A结构的新型化合物的合成与表征

以咪唑和对氟苯甲醛为原料,合成了咪唑苯甲醛;咪唑苯甲醛与4-甲基吡啶反应得到一种新型的含D-π-A结构的化合物,其结构经UV,1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析确证。     

细菌视紫红质的动态透射特性及其应用

细菌视紫红质 (Bacteriorhodopsin,简称 b R)是由嗜盐菌中提取出的一种光敏蛋白质 ,它是一种新型的生物光子学材料。我们测量的 b R膜在黄光和蓝光束分别照射下的非线性透射特性表明 ,在光照开始阶段 ,光的透过率随时间延长而增加 ,然后逐渐达到一个稳定值。黄光和蓝光的透过特性的不同是蓝光达到最大透过率的时间比黄光短。 b R膜在黄光和蓝光双光束同时照射下的非线性透射特性的计算结果表明 ,在某一固定蓝光光强 ,蓝光的透过光强随黄光强度的增加而减小 ,甚至变为零。这说明黄光对蓝光有抑制作用 ,即黄光可以调控蓝光的透过率。这一奇异的透射特性可以用做新出现事物滤波器     

密度核估计的随机加权法

利用随机加权法的思想,找出概率密度函数估计的随机加权统计量,在适当的条件下证明随机加权分布逼近核估计误差分布的精度为     

固态vander WaalsC 60膜晶格的Coulomb膨胀

利用扫描隧道显微镜观测到生长在GaAs(0 0 1 ) 2× 4表面上的固态vanderWaals C₆₀ 膜在室温下较之C₆₀ 晶体具有 1 3%的晶格膨胀 .这种膨胀是由从GaAs衬底饱和的As悬挂键上转移到C₆₀分子上的电荷之间的Coulomb作用引起的 .理论计算表明 ,平均约有 1 76个电子转移到每个C₆₀分子上 .有趣的是 ,该固态C₆₀ 膜为 (1 1 0 )取向 ,这明显不同于生长于其他半导体或金属表面上的具有 (1 1 1 )取向的六角密排C₆₀膜 .这种反常取向的薄膜是由GaAs衬底的各向异性产生的一维限制作用导致的 .通过选择不同的衬底 ,可以控制C₆₀薄膜的晶体生长     

单壁碳纳米管及其电学特性研究

制造和提纯了单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNTs) ,用水溶胶体将其竖直地组装在Au薄膜表面 .用此组装技术制造了扫描隧道显微镜 (STM)的针尖 ,成功地观测到了Au晶粒的形貌像和高定向石墨 (HOPG)的原子像 .将单根SWCNT组装在W尖前端 ,置于场发射显微镜 (FEM)系统中 ,观察到了SWCNT开口端的碳原子电子发射像 .测量了站立在Au表面SWCNT的电学特性 .其电子态分布 ,有的呈现半导体特性 ,有的为金属特性 .这种组装技术可用于制造高亮度相干电子源、高分辨场发射显示器、高性能的扫描探针显微镜 (SPM)针尖和组装纳米电子器件等 .     

Single wall carbon nanotubes and their electrical properties

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized and purified. A water colloid of SWCNTs was prepared and used to assemble SWCNTs onto a gold film surface. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images showed that short SWCNTs stood on gold film surfaces. Using STM tips made of SWCNTs, a crystal grain image of a gold thin film and an atomic resolution image of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite were successfully obtained. The electrical properties of short SWCNTs, which stood on the surface of gold film, were measured using STM. That SWCNTs stand on gold thin films is a promising technique for studying structures and properties of carbon nanotubes, as well as assembling and fabricating high-intensity coherent electron sources, field emission flat panel display, tips for scanning probe microscopes, new nanoelectronic devices, etc.     

对硝基苯酚丙酸酯水解反应的CTAB胶团催化作用研究

 在Na2CO3-NaHCO3缓冲溶液中,测定了对硝基苯酚丙酸酯(NPP)的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)胶团催化反应的表观活化能和活化参数; 考察了无机盐(NaCl, NaBr, Na2SO4)对该催化反应的影响. 结果表明: 无机盐的加入,主要产生压缩CTAB胶团双电层、降低OH-离子的胶团表面浓度以及减小NPP的加溶程度的双重减速效应. 反离子浓度(或活度)愈高及水合反离子半径愈小,则减速效应愈明显.     

水基金属切削液添加剂的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外水基金属切削液的发展概况及研究进展。     

聚乙酰亚胺涂敷单晶硅表面上全氟亏酸单层膜

Ultra-thin film of perfluorodecanoic acid expected to be excellent lubricant for micro-machines was prepared successfully on single crystal silicon substrate.The film was characterized by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact-angle meter.The chemical reaction involved in the preparation of the ultra-thin film was discussed as well.After being immersed in a dilute aqueous solution of polyethyleneimine (PEI) for 15 minutes and rinsed with distilled water,the silicon substrate was coated with a thin film of PEI,which was then put into a dilute solution (1× 10－ 3 mol· L－ 1) of perfluorodecanoic acid in hexadecane.Subsequently the steady perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film was developed on PEI coating in the presence of a covalent amide bond between carboxylic group and the primary or secondary amine groups of PEI.This process was accompanied by the contact angle changes of water droplet on the Si surface (see Table 1).Moreover,the reaction between perfluorodecanoic acid and PEI was significantly influenced by N,N′ -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD).The contact angle on the ultra-thin film of perfluorodecanoic acid is only 66.3° in the absence of DCCD in the reacting solution; it rises to 89.4° in the presence of DCCD.This indicates that the reaction between perfluorodecanoic acid and PEI was accelerated by DCCD,and the quality of perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film thus improved.XPS analysis of the ultra-thin film indicates that the derivatization of PEI with perfluorodecanoic acid was accompanied by several changes.First,a large and highly symmetrical F 1s peak appeared at 688.3 eV (C－ F*).Secondly,a new peak of N 1s appeared at 400.7 eV (chemical shift 1.4 eV),which was attributed to the N atom attached to the carbonyl group (O=C－ N*).Thirdly,three new peaks of C 1s appeared at 286.1 eV (chemical shift 1.5 eV),288.1 eV (chemical shift 3.5 eV),and 291.0 eV (chemical shift 5.4 eV),respectively.These C 1s peaks were attributed to the C atom attached to the O=C－ N group (O=C－ N－ C*),the carboxyl C atom (O=C*－ N),and the C atom in － CF3 group (C*－ F),respectively.Therefore it can be concluded that perfluorodecanoic acid has been chemically adsorbed onto the surface of PEI and perfluorodecanoic acid ultra-thin film prepared successfully.     

两步法制备多孔硅及其表征II：脉冲电流法

采用脉冲阳极／阴极电流和化学氧化两步法分别在1：1的氢氟酸和乙醇溶液中及20％硝酸溶液中制备出孔径约为0．5－3μm,厚度大约为10－20μm的多孔硅样品,将获得的多孔硅结构再进一步用扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱仪进行表面形貌和光学性质的考察,与恒电流－化学氧化两步法制得的多孔硅相比,用脉冲电流法得到的多孔硅的孔径范围较大,且多孔层较厚,制备时加紫外光照显著提高了多孔硅的,并发生“蓝移”现象,用脉冲电流法制得的多孔硅在老化后（在干燥器放置一年）同样观察到光致发光明显增强。