On error estimates of some higher order projection and penalty-projection methods for Navier-Stokes equations

Summary This paper is a continuation of our previous work [10] on projection methods. We study first existing higher order projection schemes in the semidiscretized form for the Navier-Stokes equations. One error analysis suggests that the precision of these schemes is most likely plagued by the inconsistent Neumann boundary condition satisfied by the pressure approximations. We then propose a penalty-projection scheme for which we obtain improved error estimates.This work is partially supported by NSF grant MS-8802596.     

新型聚芳醚酮的研究进展

文章主要介绍了聚芳醚酮的合成路线与性质,讨论了对其改性的方向和进展,如共聚共混改性,在聚芳醚酮的主链中引入大的侧基破坏其规整性,以及研制含氟的新型聚合物。     

Positron/positronium annihilation in nanocrystalline silicon thin films

Positron and positronium annihilation investigations were applied to nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films, for the first time. The nc-Si thin films with average grain diameters of 3–5 nm show intense blue luminescence at room temperature. The nanometer-sized Si crystallites formed in amorphous Si (a-Si) matrix give rise to this luminescence. Very highS-parameters up to 0.62 were observed in the as-grown a-Si thin film suggesting positronium formation in the a-Si layer. The average lifetime of the positrons in the a-Si was determined to be about 520 ps. TheS-parameters dropped significantly to 0.53 by crystallization of the thin film at 800 °C for 10 seconds, which was almost the same to the value observed in bulk Si (100) substrate. Further crystallization from 60 seconds to 1 hour showed smaller change in theS-parameters than that from the a-Si to 10 seconds. The large change in theS-parameters due to the annealing might be caused by the formation of Si nanocrystallites in a-Si matrix suggesting that positron is a sensitive probe for structural investigations of the nc-Si materials.     

SDS/苯甲醇/H2O体系的相行为与结构

SDS／苯甲醇／H2O体系能生成胶束、微乳液、层状液晶、六角状液晶等分子有序组合作，它们之间转换关系可以从凝聚能理论得到解释．来甲酸在O／W微乳液中的分配系数K＝168，表明绝大多数苯甲醇被增溶于SDS胶束相内．随重量比本甲醇／SDS增加，层状液晶中的do值几乎不变，溶剂渗透率略有增加，六角状液晶中圆柱缔合体的半径r值几乎不变，溶剂渗透率增加．     

低镍甲烷化催化剂中镍和氧化镧的分散研究

本文用X射线衍射法(XRD), 透射电镜(TEM), 配合电子衍射对Ni/Al2O3,Ni/γ-Al_2O_3-La_2O_3等催化剂中镍晶粒度和La_2O_3的分散状态进行了测量和讨论。用透射电镜测量了不同La_2O_3含量的催化剂中镍晶粒度分布, 其平均直径可与X射线宽化法测定值相比较。催化剂中随La_2O_3加入量的增加, Ni晶粒有细化趋势, 从而提高了甲烷化催化活性。对La_2O_3在γ-Al_2O_3表面作密置单层分散的模型提出了新的旁证, 并推断由于La_2O_3在γ-Al_2O_3表面高分散并产生较强相互作用, 使γ-Al_2O_3接近表层晶格发生畸变。     

Molecular structure and conformation of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene as determined by gas-phase electron diffraction

The molecular structure and conformation of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene have been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction at nozzle temperatures of 24, 90 and 273°C. The molecules exist as a mixture of two conformers with the chlorine atoms anti (torsion angle ∠φ = 0°) or gauche (∠φ = 109°) to each other and with the anti form the more stable. The composition (mole fraction) of the vapor with uncertainties estimated at 2σ was found to be 0.55 (0.08), 0.49 (0.08) and 0.41 (0.10) at 24, 90 and 273°, respectively. These values correspond to an energy difference with estimated standard deviation ΔE° = E°_g-E°_a = 0.7 ± 0.3 kcal mol^?1 and an entropy difference ΔS° = S°_g-S°_a = 0.6 ± 0.9 cal mol^?1 K^?1. Some of the diffraction results, together with spectroscopic observations, permit the evaluation of an approximate torsional potential function of the form 2V = V₁ (1 - cos φ) + V₂ (1 - cos 2φ) + V₃ (1 - cos 3φ); the results are V₁ = 4.4 ± 0.5, V₂ = ?2.9 ± 0.5 and V₃ = 4.8 ± 0.2, all in kcal mol^?1. The results at 24°C for the distance (r_a) and angle (∠_α) parameters, with estimated uncertainties of 2σ, are: r(C_sp²-H) = 1.098(0.020)Å, r(C_sp³-H) = 1.103(0.020)Å, r(CC) = 1.334(0.009)Å, r(C-C) = 1.504(0.013)Å, r(C_sp²-Cl) = 1.752(0.021)Å, r(C_sp³-Cl) = 1.776(0.020)Å, ∠C-CC = 127.6(1.1)°, ∠C_sp³-C_sp²-Cl = 110.2(1.0), ∠C_sp²-C_sp³-Cl = 113.1(1.2)°, ∠H-C_sp³-H = 109.5° (assumed), ∠CC-H = 120.0° (assumed) and ∠φ = 108.9(3.4)°.     

The preparation and characterization of novel cocylic(arylene disulfide) oligomers

A series of homo‐ and cocyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers were synthesized under high dilution conditions by the catalytic oxidation of arylenedithiols with oxygen in the presence of a copper‐amine catalyst in DMAc. The aryl groups contained moieties such as sulfone, ether, and ketone. The free radical ring‐opening polymerization of these cyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers led to the formation of linear poly(thio arylene)s. The homo‐ and cocyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers were characterized by gradient high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), get permeation chromatography (GPC), ¹H‐NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. These cocyclic(arylene disulfide) oligomers except those containing sulfone moiety had lower melt flow temperature as low as 140 °C and therefore could readily undergo free radical ring‐opening polymerization under mild conditions. The glass transition temperatures of these cocyclics ranged from 72.3 to 190.0 °C, while the glass transition temperatures of the polydisulfides derived from these cocyclics ranged from 78.4 to 194.5 °C. In this article, a new method of preparing arylene dithiols 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenethiol) and diphenylmethane‐4,4′‐dithiol is reported. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.