Non-dominant hand movement facilitates the frontal N30 somatosensory evoked potential

Background  

Previous literature has shown that the frontal N30 is increased during movement of the hand contralateral to median nerve stimulation. This finding was a result of non-dominant left hand movement in right-handed participants. It is unclear however if the effect depends upon non-dominant hand movement or if this is a generalized phenomenon across the upper-limbs. This study tests the effect of dominant and non-dominant hand movement upon contralateral frontal and parietal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and further tests if this relationship persists in left hand dominant participants. Median nerve SEPs were elicited from the wrist contralateral to movement in both right hand and left hand dominant participants alternating the movement hand in separate blocks. Participants were required to volitionally squeeze (~ 20% of a maximal voluntary contraction) a pressure-sensitive bulb every ~3 seconds with the hand contralateral to median nerve stimulation. SEPs were continuously collected during the task and individual traces were grouped into time bins relative to movement according to the timing of components of the Bereitschaftspotential. SEPs were then averaged and quantified from both FCZ and CP3/4 scalp electrode sites during both the squeeze task and at rest.     

On the Effect of Products Made from Recombinant Spidroin Protein on Wound Regeneration in an Experiment

Preparations based on recombinant spidroin protein were studied. A stimulating effect of the studied recombinant proteins on wound repair both in vitro and in vivo was revealed. The greatest positive effect in vivo was observed in the case of the use of MMSC cultures. The optimal period of application of spidroin samples was determined to be the early term of reparation after a trauma or burn.     

The total synthesis of (±)-α-costal

The structure of α-costal (1) has been confirmed by an unequivocal total synthesis which makes use of $\text{S}$-$\text{t}$-butyl cyanothiolacetate to facilitate the incorporation of the labile acrolein unit present in the naturally occurring aldehyde.     

Note on the solution of a certain boundary-value problem

A simple algorithm is described for inverting the operatorD _x D _y (D _x andD _y here and subsequently denote partial differentiation with respect tox andy respectively) which occurs in the iterative solution of the equationD _x D _y f (x, y)=g (x, y, f, D _x f, D _x ² f,D _x D _y f, D _y ² f) when boundary values off(x,y) are given along the sides of the rectangle in thexy-plane whose corners are at the points (a,b); (a+(n+1)k,b); (a+(n+1)k,b+(n+1)h); (a,b+(n+1)h).Communication M. R. 43 of the Computation Department of the Mathematical Centre, Amsterdam.     

Extraction of cloransulam-methyl from soil with subcritical water and supercritical CO2

Cloransulam-methyl was extracted from soil samples with supercritical CO2, subcritical water and conventional organic solvents. Supercritical CO2 was less efficient than conventional organic solvents; polarity modifiers had no impact on extraction efficiency. Extraction with supercritical CO2 exhibited a strong temperature dependence. Water was as effective as strong organic solvents for the extraction of cloransulam-methyl; however cloransulam-methyl hydrolyzed when extracted at 150 degrees C. Extraction temperature was the most important variable in increasing the efficiency and rate of extraction, while extraction pressure was not a significant variable.     

A complete dissolution procedure for SnPb solders using nitric and hydrochloric acids with simultaneous determination of major and trace elements by ICP/OES

A complete and fast dissolution procedure for tin and lead based solders is described. Trace and major elemental concentrations are determined by inductively coupled argon plasma emission (ICP) spectroscopy. One gram solder samples in the concentration range of 40-63 wt % tin are completely dissolved using nitric and hydrochloric acids. ICP analyses of certified reference materials prepared by this dissolution method are reported and compared to reference values. Based on comparison, the sample preparation method discussed is successful for quantitative analysis of trace and major elements in tin-lead solders.     

Halogen bonding: a new interaction for liquid crystal formation

It is shown for the first time that liquid crystal behavior can be induced through halogen bonding. Thus, mixing the nonmesomorphic components 4-alkoxystilbazole with pentafluoroiodobenzene leads to a 1:1 halogen-bonded complex whose integrity is shown by X-ray single-crystal analysis and which shows thermotropic smectic A and nematic phases.     

Lewis base activation of Lewis acids: catalytic, enantioselective addition of silyl ketene acetals to aldehydes

The concept of Lewis base activation of Lewis acids has been reduced to practice for catalysis of the aldol reaction of silyl ketene acetals and silyl dienol ethers with aldehydes. The weakly acidic species, silicon tetrachloride (SiCl4), can be activated by binding of a strongly Lewis basic chiral phosphoramide, leading to in situ formation of a chiral Lewis acid. This species has proven to be a competent catalyst for the aldol addition of acetate-, propanoate-, and isobutyrate-derived silyl ketene acetals to conjugated and nonconjugated aldehydes. Furthermore, vinylogous aldol reactions of silyl dienol ethers are also demonstrated. The high levels of regio-, anti diastereo-, and enantioselectivity observed in these reactions can be rationalized through consideration of an open transition structure where steric interactions between the silyl cation complex and the approaching nucleophile are dominant.