全文获取类型
收费全文 | 86258篇 |
免费 | 13205篇 |
国内免费 | 8849篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 59522篇 |
晶体学 | 956篇 |
力学 | 5166篇 |
综合类 | 563篇 |
数学 | 10075篇 |
物理学 | 32030篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 272篇 |
2023年 | 1703篇 |
2022年 | 3072篇 |
2021年 | 3341篇 |
2020年 | 3464篇 |
2019年 | 3263篇 |
2018年 | 2803篇 |
2017年 | 2667篇 |
2016年 | 3972篇 |
2015年 | 4022篇 |
2014年 | 4817篇 |
2013年 | 6231篇 |
2012年 | 7697篇 |
2011年 | 7598篇 |
2010年 | 5275篇 |
2009年 | 4938篇 |
2008年 | 5298篇 |
2007年 | 4731篇 |
2006年 | 4334篇 |
2005年 | 3663篇 |
2004年 | 2903篇 |
2003年 | 2288篇 |
2002年 | 2079篇 |
2001年 | 1686篇 |
2000年 | 1530篇 |
1999年 | 1801篇 |
1998年 | 1490篇 |
1997年 | 1376篇 |
1996年 | 1440篇 |
1995年 | 1292篇 |
1994年 | 1122篇 |
1993年 | 964篇 |
1992年 | 853篇 |
1991年 | 739篇 |
1990年 | 634篇 |
1989年 | 464篇 |
1988年 | 385篇 |
1987年 | 350篇 |
1986年 | 293篇 |
1985年 | 285篇 |
1984年 | 215篇 |
1983年 | 203篇 |
1982年 | 132篇 |
1981年 | 96篇 |
1980年 | 77篇 |
1979年 | 50篇 |
1977年 | 37篇 |
1976年 | 45篇 |
1975年 | 51篇 |
1972年 | 37篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
In this paper, nonconvex multiobjective optimization problems are studied. New characterizations of a properly efficient solution in the sense of Geoffrion's are established in terms of the stability of one scalar optimization problem and the existence of an exact penalty function of a scalar constrained program, respectively. One of the characterizations is applied to derive necessary conditions for a properly efficient control-parameter pair of a nonconvex multiobjective discrete optimal control problem with linear constraints. 相似文献
72.
The influence of the electron-LO-phonon coupling on energy spectrum of the low-lying states ofan exciton inparabolic quantum dots is investigated as a function of dot size. Calculations are made by using the method of few-bodyphysics within the effective-mass approximation. A considerable decrease of the energy in the stronger confinement rangeis found for the low-lying states of an exciton in quantum dots, which results from the confinement of electron-phononcoupling. 相似文献
73.
Sung‐Fu Hsu Tzong‐Ming Wu Chien‐Shiun Liao 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2006,44(23):3337-3347
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB)/layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanocomposites were prepared by mixing PHB and poly(ethylene glycol) phosphonates (PEOPAs)‐modified LDH (PMLDH) in chloroform solution. Both X‐ray diffraction data and TEM micrographs of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites indicate that the PMLDHs are randomly dispersed and exfoliated into the PHB matrix. In this study, the effect of PMLDH on the isothermal crystallization behavior of PHB was investigated using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy. Isothermal crystallization results of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites show that the addition of 2 wt % PMLDH into PHB induced more heterogeneous nucleation in the crystallization significantly increasing the crystallization rate and reducing their activation energy. By adding more PMLDH into the PHB probably causes more steric hindrance of the diffusion of PHB, reducing the transportation ability of polymer chains during crystallization, thus increasing the activation energy. The correlation among crystallization kinetics, melting behavior and crystalline structure of PHB/PMLDH nanocomposites can also be discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3337–3347, 2006 相似文献
74.
An improvement has been made to couple isoelectric focusing (IEF) sample injection and capillary zone electrophoresis in an untreated fused silica capillary. Electroosmotic flow is efficiently prevented by simply using a rubber block at the outlet end of the capillary during IEF sample injection. The experimental conditions that affect the concentration effect are discussed. A concentration enhancement factor of over 100-fold can be easily obtained for two model proteins: lysozyme and ribonuclease A. 相似文献
75.
Hua Nie Jian-hua Wu 《应用数学学报(英文版)》2006,22(2):257-264
This paper is concerned with the unstirred chemostat model with two-species and one non-reproducingresource.The global attractivity of the positive steady-state solutions of the original system is established.Moreover,the effects of the growth rate on the unique positive equilibrium of the single population model arestudied. 相似文献
76.
77.
Y.-Q. Peng J.-H. Yang F.-P. Lu Q.-S. Yang H.-W. Xing X.-S. Li C.-A. Song 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2007,86(2):225-229
Based on the assumption of Gaussian energy distributions of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO), analytical expressions of generalized Einstein relation in chemically doped organic semiconductor are developed, by approximation of Coulomb traps with a rectangle potential well. Numerical calculations show that traditional Einstein relations do not hold for chemically doped organic semiconductors. Similar to physical doping, the dependence of diffusion coefficient to mobility D/μ ratio on the carrier concentration has a maximum. An essential difference between chemical doping and physical doping is that, the D/μ ratio in chemically doped organic semiconductors depends not only on carrier concentration and doping concentration, but also on the applied electric field. PACS 71.20.Rv; 72.90.+y; 73.50.-h 相似文献
78.
Z.G. Xiao R.J. HuH.Y. Wu G.M. JinZ.Y. Li L.M. DuanH.W. Wang B.G. ZhangS.F. Wang Z.Y. WeiH.S. Xu Y.T. ZhuS.L. Li F. FuX.H. Yuan Z.Q. Feng 《Physics letters. [Part B]》2006
The inclusive reduced velocity correlation functions of the intermediate mass fragments were measured in the reactions of 36Ar + 112,124Sn at 35 MeV/u. The anti-correlation is observed to be stronger in 36Ar + 124Sn system than that in 36Ar + 112Sn. The difference of the correlation functions between the two reactions is mainly contributed by the particle pairs with high momenta. A three body Coulomb repulsive trajectory model is employed to calculate the emission time scale of the IMFs for the two systems. The time scale is 150 fm/c in 36Ar + 112Sn and 120 fm/c in the 36Ar + 124Sn, respectively. 相似文献
79.
D. Fong J. H. Hamilton A. V. Ramayya J. K. Hwang C. Goodin K. Li J. Kormicki J. O. Rasmussen Y. X. Luo S. C. Wu I. Y. Lee A. V. Daniel G. M. Ter-Akopian G. S. Popeko A. S. Fomichev A. M. Rodin Yu. Ts. Oganessian M. Jandel J. Kliman L. Krupa J. D. Cole M. A. Stoyer R. Donangelo W. C. Ma 《Physics of Atomic Nuclei》2006,69(7):1161-1167
The hot bimodal fission of 252Cf is reexamined with new high-statistics data. We constructed a γ-γ-γ coincidence cube for binary fission and LCP-gated γ-γ matrix for ternary fission. By identifying the secondary fission fragments from their γ-ray transitions, we measured the yields for various fission splits. The normal neutron yield distribution is found to be
Gaussian for Xe-Ru. However, the binary fission split of Ba-Mo is found to exhibit a bimodal neutron distribution with the
“hot mode” corresponding to ≈3.1% of the total yield. In α ternary fission, the first measurements of yields for specific fission splits are presented. The Te-α-Ru and Xe-α-Mo neutron yields fit well with a single mode, but the Ba-α-Zr split shows evidence for an enhanced hot mode with an intensity of ≈13.8% of the normal mode.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
80.
Longitudinal study has become one of the most commonly adopted designs in medical research. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) method and/or mixed effects models are employed very often in causal inferences. The related model diagnostic procedures are not yet fully formalized, and perhaps never will be. The potential causes of major problems are the high variety of the dependence within subjects and/or the number of repeated measurements. A single testing procedure, e.g., run test, is not possible to resolve all model diagnostics problems in longitudinal data analysis. Multiple quantitative indexes for model diagnostics are needed to take into account this variety. We propose eight testing procedures for randomness accompanied with some conventional and/or non-conventional plots to remedy model diagnostics in longitudinal data analysis. The proposed issue in this paper is well illustrated with four clinical studies in Taiwan. 相似文献