π...π-interactions of flavins,-II. [3.3](3,10)Isoalloxazinophane and quinhydrone-like flavin interactions

To study flavin-flavin interactions [3.3](3,10)isoalloxazinophane was synthesized and its structure determined as $\text{4}$. Electron spectra including charge-transfer absorptions of semi-reduced states are reported for $\text{4}$ in comparison with the mono-bridged bis-flavin analogue $\text{3}$.     

Glow discharge lamps as electron sources for electron impact excitation

It has been found possible to utilize the plasma in the discharge lamp of a conventional ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometer as an electron source f     

Synthese disubstituierter Pyridine über Radikalreaktionen, 2. Mitt.

The synthesis of benzyl and phenethyl substituted 3-pyridine carbonitriles and 3-pyridine carboxylic acid methylesters resp. by homolytic alkylation is reported.     

Calculations and measurements to a phase-free accelerating stage using electric ac-fields in a triangular shaped electrode system

A phase-free accelerating stage for charged particles has been constructed which makes use of electric ac-fields in a triangular shaped electrode system combined with ac-deflecting devices in the MHz-range. An elaborate calculation of the energy gain based on a time dependent Hamiltonian and a simplified calculation assuming perfect shielding within the electrodes were performed. The theoretical results are compared with measurements at a frequency of 13.55 MHz and at peak electrode voltages of 3 kV and 0.5 kV. The maximum energy gain of electrons with an incident energy of 20 keV was measured to be 140 eV at the 3 kV peak voltage. Construction and properties of the retarding-field energy analyzer and of the resonant circuits are given. It is shown that rf-driven magnetic deflecting coils diminish the energy gain due to induced electric fields. Rf-electric capacitor fields seem to be superior to the rf-magnetic fields because they reduce the energy gain very little and furthermore offer a simultaneous phase-free particle acceleration in opposite directions. The possible applications of such a phase-free accelerating stage for heating up a plasma and for producing an intense ring of relativistic electrons are discussed.