Photo‐Induced Electron Transfer Between Photosystem 2 via Cross‐linked Redox Hydrogels

Photosystem 2 (PS2) that catalyses light driven water splitting in photosynthesis was ‘wired’ to electrode surfaces via osmium‐containing redox polymers based on poly(vinyl)imidazol. The redox polymer hydrogel worked as both immobilization matrix and electron acceptor for the enzyme. Upon illumination, the enzymatic reaction could be switched on and a catalytic current was observed at the electrode. The catalytic current is directly dependent on the intensity of light used for the excitation of PS2. A typical current density of 45 μA cm^?2 at a light intensity of 2.65 mW cm^?2 could be demonstrated with a significantly improved operational stability.     

The flow complex: A data structure for geometric modeling

We study a special case of the critical point (Morse) theory of distance functions namely, the gradient flow associated with the distance function to a finite point set in . The fixed points of this flow are exactly the critical points of the distance function. Our main result is a mathematical characterization and algorithms to compute the stable manifolds, i.e., the inflow regions, of the fixed points. It turns out that the stable manifolds form a polyhedral complex that shares many properties with the Delaunay triangulation of the same point set. We call the latter complex the flow complex of the point set. The flow complex is suited for geometric modeling tasks like surface reconstruction.     

Generalized steiner problem in outerplanar networks

The generalized Steiner problem (GSP) is concerned with the determination of a minimum cost subnetwork of a given network where some (not necessarily all) vertices satisfy certain pairwise (vertex or edge) connectivity requirements.The GSP has applications to the design of water and electricity supply networks, communication networks and other large-scale systems where connectivity requirements ensure the communication between the selected vertices when some vertices and/or edges can become inoperational due to scheduled maintenance, error, or overload.The GSP is known to beNP-complete. In this paper we show that if the subnetwork is required to be biconnected or respectively edge-biconnected, and the underlying network is outerplanar, the GSP can be solved in linear time.     

Asymmetric aza Diels-Alder reactions of amino acid ester imines with Brassard's diene

Imines 1 obtained from aromatic, aliphatic or functionalized aldehydes and valine tert-butyl ester undergo Lewis acid catalyzed hetero Diels-Alder reactions with Brassard's diene 2. The cycloadducts are formed in good to high yields and with diastereomer ratios of 92:8 – 97:3. For the removal of the chiral auxiliary group a new method was developed whose principle consists in the conversion of the amino acid -C-atom into an acetalic center employing a Curtius rearrangement as the key step.